Izinto ezifunekayo kwiiVisa zomsebenzi eMelika

Requisitos Para Visas De Trabajo En Estados Unidos







Zama Isixhobo Sethu Sokuphelisa Iingxaki

Izinto ezifunekayo kwivisa yomsebenzi . Ukongeza ekubeni lilizwe apho abantu abaninzi baya khona ngenjongo yokhenketho, i-United States ikwangumbuso indawo yokusebenza ethandwayo . Abantu abavela kwihlabathi liphela Ndifuna ukusebenza e-US . Ngenxa ye umvuzo ophezulu kunye neemeko zomsebenzi ezilungileyo .

Zimbini iindlela zokuya e-US ngezizathu zomsebenzi:

  • Njengomsebenzi wethutyana
  • Njengomsebenzi oxhasiweyo / osisigxina

Inkqubo ye- Abasebenzi bethutyana bafuna i i-visa engengowasemzini isuka e-US, ngelixa i abasebenzi abaxhasiweyo bafuna i i-visa yokufika kwelinye ilizwe . Eli nqaku liza kugubungela yonke into oyifunayo malunga nokuba ngumqeshwa wethutyana kunye nokufumana i-visa yokusebenza eMelika.

Ukuqwalaselwa njenge-visa yokufika kwamanye amacandelo asekwe kwingqesho, lowo uza kuba ngumqeshi okanye iarhente yomenzi-sicelo kufuneka kuqala afumane imvume isatifikethi semisebenzi esivela kwiSebe lezeMisebenzi .

Akuba efumene, umqeshi ungenisa Isicelo Sokufika Kwabasebenzi Abangaphandle , Ifom I-140 , phambi kweeNkonzo zoBumi baseMelika kunye neNkonzo yokuFudukela kwelinye ilizwe ( I-USCIS yecandelo elifanelekileyo lokhetho olusekwe kwingqesho.

IziQinisekiso zomsebenzi weVisa USA

Kukho imiqathango emithathu yokuba umntu onomdla wokufumana i-visa yomsebenzi wase-US kufuneka ahlangane nayo ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo sayo. Ukuba awuhlangabezani nenye yezi meko, uMzi woZakuzo angasikhaba isicelo sakho sevisa. Oku kuya kukuthintela ukuba uye e-US kwaye usebenze apho. Le miqathango imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Yiba nomsebenzi e-US

Kuya kufuneka ufake isicelo kwaye wamkelwe kwindawo yomsebenzi e-US ukuze ufumane i-visa yokusebenza. Kungenxa yokuba iUnited States ifuna amaxwebhu aliqela kumqeshi wakho ngaphambi kokuqala isicelo sakho sevisa.

Isicelo esamkelweyo yi-United States Ubumi kunye neNkonzo yokuFudukela kwelinye ilizwe (i-USCIS)

Le mfuneko ithetha ukuba ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo se-visa yokusebenza yase-U.S., Umqeshi wakho kufuneka angenise Isicelo somsebenzi ongaphambukeli phambi kweUSCIS. Esi sicelo, sikwabizwa ngokuba ifom I-129 Olona xwebhu lubaluleke kakhulu kuwe kukufumana i-visa yakho yomsebenzi.

Xa i-USCIS ivuma isicelo somqeshi wakho, ungaqala ukufaka isicelo sevisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isicelo sakho samkelwe, oko akuthethi ukuba Umzi woonozakuzaku bamazwe amanyeneyo ngokuzenzekelayo akunike i-visa yomsebenzi. Ngezizathu ezinokuthi zishiye kubumbano be-Embassy, ​​i-visa yakho yomsebenzi inokungavunyelwa nokuba isicelo sakho se-USCIS samkelwe.

Ukuvunywa kwesatifikethi semisebenzi liSebe lezeMisebenzi ( DOL )

Eminye yeefisa zomsebenzi, ngakumbi i H-1B, H-1B1, H-2A y H-2B ikwafuna umqeshi wakho ukuba afumane isiqinisekiso DOL . Umqeshi wakho kufuneka enze isicelo se-DOL egameni lakho nangaphambi kokugcwalisa isikhalazo kwi-USCIS. Urhulumente wase-United States ufuna esi siqinisekiso njengobungqina bokuba abaqeshi baseMelika bafuna abasebenzi bamanye amazwe.

Kuya kufuneka babonise ukuba abanako ukuzalisa loo misebenzi kunye nabasebenzi baseMelika. Ukongeza, isatifikethi siyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bethutyana bangaphandle abachaphazeli kakubi amathuba emisebenzi kubemi base-US.

Iimfuno ze-visa zomsebenzi wase-US

Ukongeza ekuhlangabezeni le miqathango mithathu yemfundo, kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nala maxwebhu:

  • Ipasipoti evumelekileyo, ekufuneka isebenze ngokuhlala kwakho e-US kunye neenyanga ezintandathu ezongezelelweyo emva kokubuya kwakho
  • Ifoto yaseVisa yase-US, ekufuneka uyilayishe xa ugcwalisa ifom yesicelo kwi-Intanethi.
  • Inombolo yokufumana, onokuyifumana kwiSicelo sakho esivunyiweyo soMsebenzi ongaFuduki (iFom I-129) efayilishwe ngumqeshi wakho.
  • Iphepha lokuqinisekisa ukuba usigqibile isicelo sakho seVisa esingahambelani nayo ( Ifom DS-160 ).
  • Irisithi ebonisa ukuba uhlawule umrhumo wesicelo. Kwii-visa zomsebenzi wase-US, intlawulo yokwenza isicelo iyi- $ 190. Kusenokubakho iimali ezongezelelweyo ezisebenza kwindawo okuyo, ke kuya kufuneka ujonge kwindlu yozakuzo wase-US.
  • Ubungqina bokuba uza kubuyela kwilizwe lakho emva kokuba umsebenzi wakho uphelile e-US.Oku kusebenza kuzo zonke iindidi zee-visa zomsebenzi ngaphandle kwe-visa H-1B kunye nemizekelo yendlela onokuthi ungqine ukuba uza kubuya e-US ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:
    • Ukunikezela ngemeko yakho yezemali
    • Ulwalamano lwakho nosapho
    • Naziphi na izicwangciso zexesha elide onokuthi ube nazo
    • Indawo yokuhlala oceba ukubuyela kuyo
  • Kwabo bafaka isicelo seV visa, kuya kufuneka ukuba babe nefom I-129S igqityiwe (Isikhalazo esingaMmi kwamanye amazwe esisekwe kuXwebhu oluPheleleyo L). Kuya kufuneka uze nale fomu xa unodliwanondlebe kunye nevisa.

Ukongeza kwezi mfuno ngokubanzi, ezisebenza kubo bonke abo banqwenela ukufumana i-visa yokusebenza yase-US, kusenokubakho namanye amaxwebhu ekufuneka uwahambisile. Kuya kufuneka unxibelelane nomzi wommeli wasekhaya wase-US ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Zeziphi ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zevisa visa eMelika?

Kubaqeshi abafuna abasebenzi abanezakhono kwimakethi yehlabathi, inkqubo yokufudukela e-US ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokundwendwela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo. Kubaqeshi nabasebenzi ngokufanayo, kubalulekile ukuba ube nokuqonda okucacileyo kwenkqubo yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe kunye nezinto ezichaphazelekayo ekuqeshweni kwabemi bamanye amazwe. Ezi zezinye zeevisa zomsebenzi eziqhelekileyo eMelika:

IVisa H-1B

Ivisa H-1B Yi-visa yomsebenzi wethutyana efumanekayo kubantu bamanye amazwe kwimisebenzi ekhethekileyo, enje ngobunjineli kunye nesayensi yekhompyuter. Phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-visa yokusebenza e-US, i-H-1B yeyona idume kakhulu.

Ngenxa yemfuno ephezulu (kwi-2017, ngaphezulu kwezicelo ezingama-236,000 zangeniswa), umda wonyaka wezicelo ezingama-85,000 wasetyenziswa kwi-H-1B, apho i-20,000 igcinelwe abantu abanesidanga se-master. Inani eliphezulu lezicelo kunye nenani eliphantsi lee-visa ze-H-1B ezikhoyo zitsalele ingqalelo ngakumbi kwezinye iindidi zeevisa kule minyaka idlulileyo.

IVisa L-1

Ukwahlulahlula bonisa uL-1 Igcinelwe abaqeshi abafuna ukuhambisa abaphathi, abaphathi, okanye abasebenzi abanolwazi olukhethekileyo ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwisebe laseMelika. Umsebenzi kufuneka abe kunye nombutho unyaka omnye ubuncinci kwaye umqeshi makenze ubudlelwane phakathi kweziko langaphandle kunye ne-US.

Bonisa i-TN

I-visa ye-TN luhlobo olukhethekileyo kubemi baseMexico naseCanada elasekwa njengenxalenye yeSivumelwano soRhwebo oluSimahla lwaseMntla Melika ( TLCAN ). Abasebenzi bamanye amazwe abanelungelo lokufaka isicelo sokwamkelwa kurhulumente we-TN babandakanya abagcini zincwadi ngokukodwa, iinjineli, amagqwetha, kunye nezinye iingcali.

Olu hlobo lwe-visa luxabiseke kakhulu kuba akukho mhla ubekiweyo okanye owona mhla wokugqibela we-visa ye-TN, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo ze-visa yomsebenzi e-US.

Iifowuni zekhadi eliluhlaza

IiVisa zokuhlala ngokusisigxina e-US zihlala zibizwa ngokuba amakhadi aluhlaza . Amakhadi aluhlaza asekwe kwingqesho abandakanya iindidi ze-EB-1, EB-2, kunye ne-EB-3. Ikhadi eliluhlaza le-EB-1 liyafumaneka kubasebenzi abaphambili abanolwazi olukhethekileyo kwisayensi, kwezobugcisa, kwezemfundo, kwishishini nakweembaleki.

Ikhadi eliluhlaza I-EB-2 Kuyafana, nangona isenokufumaneka kubasebenzi abanesidanga se-master okanye i-bachelor's degree kunye neminyaka emihlanu yamava omsebenzi we-post-bachelor. Okokugqibela, ikhadi eliluhlaza le-EB-3 liyafumaneka kubasebenzi abanezakhono okanye iingcali ezinedigri yekholeji edlala indima efuna isidanga sekholeji.

Iindidi zevisa zokusebenza

Umsebenzi wokuqala okhethiweyo (E1): Abasebenzi abaphambili. Amacandelwana amathathu:

  • Abantu abanesakhono esingaqhelekanga kwisayensi, kwezobugcisa, kwezemfundo, kwishishini, okanye kwezemidlalo.
  • Oonjingalwazi abagqwesileyo kunye nabaphandi abaneminyaka emi-3 yamava ekufundiseni okanye kuphando, owamkelweyo kwilizwe liphela.
  • Abaphathi bamazwe aphesheya okanye abaphathi abaqeshwe ubuncinci iminyaka emi-3 edlulileyo ngumdibanisi, umzali, inkampani okanye isebe lomqeshi wase-US phesheya.

Umfaki-sicelo wokuqala wokukhetha kufuneka abe ngumxhamli kwisicelo esamkelweyo sokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe kuMsebenzi waNgaphandle, Ifom I-140 , ifakwe kwi-USCIS.

Ukhetho lomsebenzi wesibini (E2): Iingcali ezinedigri eziphambili kunye nabantu abanobuchule obukhethekileyo. Umfaki sicelo wokuKhethwa kwesiBini ngokubanzi kufuneka abe nesatifikethi somsebenzi esivunywe liSebe lezeMisebenzi. Ukunikezelwa komsebenzi kuyafuneka kwaye umqeshi wase-US kufuneka afayilishe isiFundo soMfuduki soMsebenzi oMbi, iFom I-140, egameni lomenzi-sicelo.

Ukhetho lomsebenzi wesithathu (E3): abasebenzi abanezakhono, iingcali, kunye nabasebenzi abangenazakhono (abanye abasebenzi. Umenzi wesicelo okhetha ukhetho lwesithathu kufuneka abe nesicelo esivunyiweyo sokungena kwelinye ilizwe somsebenzi welinye ilizwe, iFom I-140, efayilishwe ngulowo uza kuba ngumqeshi. Isebe Lezabasebenzi.

Umsebenzi wesine okhethiweyo (E4): abafuduki abathile. Zininzi iinkqutyana ezikolu didi. Umenzi wesicelo sokukhetha kuqala kufuneka abe ngumxhamli kwisicelo esivunyiweyo seAmerasian, Umhlolokazi (er), okanye uMfuduki oKhethekileyo, iFom I-360, ngaphandle kwabasebenzi abathile okanye ababesakuba ngabasebenzi bakarhulumente wase-US aphesheya. Ukuqinisekiswa kwezabasebenzi akufuneki nakweyiphi na inkqutyana yabaphambukeli abathile abakhethekileyo.

Ukhetho lwesihlanu lwengqesho (E5): Abatyali mali abavela kwamanye amazwe. Iindidi zevisa zeetyalomali zabaphambukeli zezotyalo mali lwezemali zamanye amazwe ekuqaliseni kweshishini eMelika elibonelela ngokudala imisebenzi.

Iinkqubo zokwenza isicelo sevisa

Ukuba udibene neemeko ezintathu zokumiselwa kwangaphambili kwaye waqokelela uxwebhu oluyimfuneko, uya kufaneleka ukuqala isicelo sakho se-visa yokusebenza yase-United States. Indlela onokuthi ufake ngayo isicelo kukugcwalisa la manyathelo alandelayo:

Gcwalisa isicelo seVisa esingaSebenzi kwi-Intanethi (iFom DS-160) kwaye uprinte iphepha lokuqinisekisa

Ulwazi olufaka kwifom DS-160 kufuneka luchaneke. Ukuba ungenisa ulwazi olungachanekanga, uMzi woZakuzo uya kuba nesizathu esivakalayo sokukukhanyela i-visa. Kwakhona iFom DS-160 iyafumaneka kwiilwimi ezininzi, kodwa iimpendulo zakho mazibe ngesiNgesi.

Cwangcisa udliwanondlebe

Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezicelo ezifunyanwa ngoonozakuzaku baseMelika, kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba ucwangcisa udliwanondlebe ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba uhlangabeze zonke iimfuno. Ukuba ungaphantsi kwe-13 okanye ngaphezulu kwe-80, udliwanondlebe lwe-visa aludingeki. Ngokubhekisele kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka ye-14 kunye ne-79, udliwanondlebe luyafuneka, kodwa kunokubakho ngaphandle xa usenza nje i-visa yakho.

Yiya kudliwanondlebe

Udliwanondlebe kunye nolwazi olukwifom ye-DS-160 luya kunceda uMzi woZakuzo wase-United States enze isigqibo sokuba akunike na i-visa. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ubonise udliwanondlebe ngexesha, unxibe ngokufanelekileyo nawo onke amaxwebhu ayimfuneko. Kananjalo kuya kufuneka uphendule yonke imibuzo ngokuzeleyo, usoloko unika ulwazi oluyinyani. Udliwanondlebe lweVisa uqeqeshelwe ukufumanisa xa umntu ebonelela ngolwazi olungeyonyani, ke ukuba bayakwenza oko, baya kukukhanyela i-visa yakho.

Gcwalisa iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo

Uya kucelwa ukuba unikezele ngeminwe ngaphambi, ngexesha okanye emva kodliwanondlebe, ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo okuyo, kunye nokuhlawula nayiphi na imali eyongezelelweyo. Emva kokulungiswa kwe-visa, ukuba uMzi woZakuzo wase-United States ukunika i-visa yokusebenza, kuya kufuneka uhlawule umrhumo wokukhutshwa kwvisa. Isixa semali yokukhutshwa kwe-visa kumiselwe ngokusekwe kwilizwe lakho lokuzalwa.

Amalungelo noxanduva lwakho

Abasebenzi bethutyana eMelika baneseti yamalungelo athe urhulumente wabanika wona. Bakhuselekile ngokuchasene nokuphathwa gadalala, kwaye banokuwasebenzisa la malungelo ngaphandle kokuba bohlwaywe. Ukuba umntu wase-US wophula amalungelo akho kwaye uyixela, i-visa yakho ayinakurhoxiswa kwaye urhulumente akanakukunyanzela ukuba ubuyele kwilizwe lakho ukuba i-visa yakho isasebenza, kuba uxele olo lwaphulo-mthetho.

Ukuba abahloli boKhuseleko lwasekhaya kunye namanye amasebe akuvumela ukuba ungene eMelika, unelungelo lokucela ukongezwa kokuhlala kwakho. Nangona kunjalo, yakuba iphelile i-visa yakho, awunakuhlala kweli lizwe ngaphandle kokuba uMzi woZakuzo wandisa i-visa yakho. Ukuba uhlala emva kokuba i-visa yakho yomsebenzi ingasebenzi, usenokungafaneleka ukufaka isicelo sayo kwixa elizayo.

Unelungelo lokufaka isicelo sokundwendwela iqabane lakho okanye abantwana abakwicandelo elifanayo levisa onalo.

  • Kubanini beV visa, iqabane lakho kunye nabantwana kufuneka benze isicelo se-H-4 visa
  • Ukuba unayo i-visa ye-L, abantu abaxhomekeke kuwe mabafake isicelo se-visa ye-L-2,
  • Kwii-O visa, iqabane kunye nabantwana kufuneka benze isicelo se-O-3 visa,
  • Umlingane kunye nabantwana be-P visa abanikazi kufuneka bafake isicelo se-P-4 visa, kwaye
  • Abo bane-visa ye-Q, iqabane kunye nabantwana kufuneka benze isicelo se-Q-3 visa

Yintoni isicelo seemeko zokusebenza?

ISebe lezabaSebenzi laseMelika likhupha isicelo seMeko zokuSebenza ( I-LCA ) okanye isiqinisekiso senkampani eceba ukuqesha umsebenzi welinye ilizwe. I-LCA inika inkampani ilungelo lokuqesha abasebenzi abangabemi base-US abahlali abaSemthethweni abaSisigxina (LPR) kwaye babaxhase ukuze bafumane ii-visa.

I-LCA ithi inkampani kufuneka iqeshe umsebenzi welinye ilizwe kuba umsebenzi wase-US ebengekho, efanelekile, okanye ekulungele ukusebenza kuloo msebenzi. Ikwatsho ukuba umvuzo wabasebenzi bamanye amazwe uyakulingana nomsebenzi wase-US kwaye umsebenzi welinye ilizwe akazukujongana nocalucalulo okanye imeko embi yomsebenzi.

Yintoni uxwebhu lwezikhalazo lomsebenzi?

Isicelo somsebenzi singeniswa yinkampani yase-US efuna ukuxhasa umsebenzi welinye ilizwe nge-visa yengqesho. Isikhalazo sithunyelwe kwi-USCIS ukuze siqwalaselwe kwaye kubandakanya iinkcukacha zomsebenzi wangaphandle, umvuzo, kunye neziqinisekiso.

Xa umqeshi wase-US efake isicelo somsebenzi, kufuneka ahlawule nemirhumo yokulungisa kunye nokuxhasa umsebenzi. Kuya kufuneka bancamathisele amaxwebhu axhasayo abonisa ukuba inkampani inokukwazi ukuqesha umsebenzi welinye ilizwe, ukuba bahlawule zonke iirhafu kwaye bafumene i-Labour Certification Application (LCA) kwiSebe lezabaSebenzi.

Luthini uxwebhu lokugunyazisa ingqesho?

Abo banee-visa ezingabaphambukeli ezivela eUnited States abanakuqala ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuba banemvume yokusebenza. Iphepha-mvume lokusebenza laseMelika libizwa ngokuba luxwebhu lokugunyazisa ukuqeshwa ( EAD ) kwaye unokufumaneka kwangoko emva kokuba ivisa yakho yamkelwe.

I-EAD ikuvumela ukuba usebenze ngokusemthethweni kuyo nayiphi na inkampani yase-US okoko i-visa yakho isemthethweni. Iqabane lakho linokufumana i-EAD ukuba iyafaneleka. Nje ukuba uvuselele okanye wandise i-visa, kuya kufuneka ufake isicelo sokuhlaziya i-EAD yakho. Ngolwazi malunga nendlela yokufaka isicelo, ndwendwela inqaku le-EAD.

Amaxwebhu afunekayo

Emva kokuba i-USCIS ivume isicelo, iZiko leSizwe leVisa liya kunika inombolo yetyala. Xa umhla ophambili womenzi-sicelo uhlangabezana nowona mhla wokugqibela wemfundo, i-NVC iya kuyalela umfaki-sicelo ukuba agqibe Ifom DS-261 , Ukukhetha ulawulo kunye nearhente. Emva kokuhlawula iifizi ezifanelekileyo, i-NVC iya kucela la maxwebhu ayimfuneko:

  • (Iipasipoti) zivumelekile kwiintsuku ezingama-60 emva komhla wokuphelelwa ziprintwe kwivisa yokufika.
  • Ifom DS-260, Isicelo seVisa yokuNgena kwelinye ilizwe kunye noBhaliso lwaManye amazwe.
  • Iifoto ezimbini (2) 2 × 2.
  • Amaxwebhu abucala omenzi-sicelo.
  • Inkxaso yemali. Kudliwanondlebe lwe-visa yokufika kwakho, kuya kufuneka ubonise igosa lommeli ukuba awuzukuhlawulwa esidlangalaleni eMelika.
  • Gcwalisa iifom zovavanyo lonyango.

Udliwanondlebe lweVisa kunye nexesha lokulungisa

Kanye xa yena I-NVC igqiba ekubeni ifayile igcwalisiwe kunye nawo onke amaxwebhu afunekayo, iishedyuli zokuqeshwa kodliwanondlebe. I-NVC emva koko ithumela ifayile, enesikhalazo somenzi-sicelo kunye namaxwebhu adweliswe apha ngasentla, kwiNdlu yoZakuzo yase-U.S. Umenzi-sicelo ngamnye kufuneka eze nepasipoti efanelekileyo kudliwanondlebe, kunye nawo nawaphi na amanye amaxwebhu angakhange anikwe i-NVC.

Amatyala e-visa asemaphandleni asekwe kwingqesho athatha ixesha elongezelelweyo kuba bakwinqanaba levisa. Ixesha lihluka ngokwamatyala kwaye alinakho ukuqikelelwa kumatyala ngamanye ngokuchaneka.

Iinkcukacha zonxibelelwano zozakuzo:

Nxibelelana noMzi wommeli-lizwe wase-U.S / elikufutshane nawe ukuze ufumane olona lwazi luhlaziyiweyo malunga nokuba ngawaphi amaxwebhu onokuwadinga ukuze ungene eMelika.

Ukuziphendulela : Umxholo weli phepha kunye namanye amaphepha ewebhu akule webhusayithi anikezelwe ngokuthembekileyo njengesikhokelo solwazi ngokubanzi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwale webhusayithi njengolwazi okanye esinye isixhobo sisemngciphekweni womsebenzisi / umbukeli. Ngelixa kwenziwa zonke iinzame zokunikezela ngolwazi oluchanekileyo nolusexesheni, abaniniyo abamkeli xanduva okanye uxanduva kule webhusayithi ngazo naziphi na iimpazamo, ukushiya izinto, ulwazi oludlulelwe lixesha okanye olulahlekisayo kula maphepha okanye nakweyiphi na iwebhusayithi ekuthi la maphepha aqhagamsheleke kuyo. amaphepha okanye adityanisiwe.

Umthombo kunye nelungelo lokushicilela: Umthombo wale visa ingentla kunye nolwazi lokungena kunye nabanini bamalungelo okushicilela zezi:

Umbukeli / umsebenzisi weli phepha lewebhu kufuneka asebenzise olu lwazi lungentla kuphela njengesikhokelo, kwaye kufuneka asoloko eqhakamshelana nemithombo engentla okanye abameli bakarhulumente bomsebenzisi kolona lwazi luhlaziyiweyo ngelo xesha, ngaphambi kokwenza isigqibo sokuhamba. ukuya kwelo lizwe okanye kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo.

Iziqulatho