Ndiyazi njani ukuba ndinemali engakanani kwi-401k yam? Ukuba sele une-401 (k) kwaye ufuna ukukhangela ibhalansi, kulula kakhulu. Kuya kufuneka ufumane iingxelo zeakhawunti yakho ephepheni okanye ngekhompyutha . Ukuba akunjalo, thetha nesebe le Izibonelelo zabasebenzi zomsebenzi wakho Ndaye ndabuza ukuba ngubani umnikezeli kunye nendlela yokufikelela kwiakhawunti yabo. Iinkampani ngokwesiqhelo aziphathi ipenshoni kunye neeakhawunti zomhlala phantsi. Banikezelwa ngaphandle kubaphathi botyalo mali.
Ezinye zezona ziphezulu ezingama-401 (k) zabaphathi botyalo-mali zibandakanya i-Fidelity Investment, iBhanki yaseMelika ( BAC - Fumana ingxelo, T. Rowe Ixabiso ( MJONGA , UVanguard, uCharles Schwab ( SCHW - UEdward Jones kunye nabanye.
Nje ukuba wazi ukuba ngubani umphathi wesicwangciso okanye umphathi wotyalo-mali, ungaya kwiwebhusayithi yabo kwaye ungene, okanye ubuyisele igama lakho, ukubona ibhalansi yeakhawunti yakho. Lindela ukuhamba ngamanyathelo okhuseleko xa ungenalo igama lomsebenzisi kunye negama lokugqitha kwiakhawunti.
Ininzi yale nto ifanele ihlanganiswe xa uqala i-401 (k) xa uqeshwe okanye xa ukhetho lwe-akhawunti yomhlalaphantsi lufumaneka kuwe. Iinkcukacha ezinje ngeminikelo, umdlalo wenkampani, kunye nolwazi malunga nendlela yokujonga imbali yakho eseleyo kunye nokubanjwa okwangoku kufuneka kunikezelwe.
Ukufumana i-401 (k) emsebenzini ongasasebenziyo kwahluke kancinane.
Masithi uyeke umsebenzi kwaye uqale omtsha. Khange uqengqe umhlala phantsi wakho kwi-IRA. Loo mali ayihambi. Usekhona, usengowakho. Ukuyifumana, nxibelelana naye Izibonelelo zabasebenzi ezivela kumqeshi wakho wangaphambili . Ukuba bekushukunyiwe kutshanje, akufuneki kube nzima ukulandela umkhondo. Ukuba kuye kwalixesha kuluncedo ukuba nesazisi esidala kunye neenkcazo ukubonisa.
Ndingayifumana njani ibhalansi yam engama-401K?
Ujonga njani eyam 401k. Ukusebenzisa isicwangciso esingu-401 (k) sokugcina umhlala-phantsi kukuvumela ukuba ubeke imali yakho kwi-pilot ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokuncitshiswa komvuzo ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukongeza, ufumana ukukhululwa kwirhafu kwimirhumo yakho kwaye umvuzo awurhafiswa de uthathe ulwabiwo kwiakhawunti. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba usendleleni eya kumhlala-phantsi wakho wephupha, kuya kufuneka ujonge i-401 (k) ibhalansi yakho amaxesha ngamaxesha. Ukongeza ekwazini ibhalansi yakho engama-401 (k), kubalulekile ukuba uyazi ukuba ungakanani na i-akhawunti yakho oyithengileyo, ngakumbi ukuba ucinga ngokutshintsha imisebenzi kungekudala.
Ukujonga i-401 (K) ye-Balance Plan
Isicwangciso sakho sama-401 (k) siyacelwa ukuba sikubonelele ngengxelo yesibonelelo sakho ubuncinci kube kanye ngonyaka ukuba isicwangciso sakho esingu-401 (k) asikuvumeli ukuba uthumele imali kwi-akhawunti yakho okanye ubuncinci kwikota nganye ukuba ungalawula utyalomali lwakho.
Ukongeza kwezi ngxelo zeakhawunti, ezinye ezingama-401 (k) izicwangciso zibonelela ngokufikelela kwi-Intanethi kwiiakhawunti zakho zomhlalaphantsi ukujonga ibhalansi yakho okanye ulungelelanise ipotifoliyo yakho. Icandelo lezabasebenzi lenkampani yakho linokukunika lonke ulwazi Kuya kufuneka usete ukungena kwi-Intanethi ukujonga i-401 (k) yakho eseleyo.
Ndingakanani xa ndinama 401k wam?
Akukho bukhulu bilinganayo-yonke impendulo kumbuzo: Ndifanele ukubanamalini kwi-401k yam? Nangona kuya kufuneka uqale utyalomali kwi-401k ngokukhawuleza, abanye abantu banokungalifumani elo thuba kwangoko, kwaye kulungile. Inqaku kukwenza xa unako.
Xa ekugqibeleni uqala ukutyala imali, kukho imigaqo elungileyo yesithupha yokukunceda wenze isigqibo esisengqiqweni malunga nokuba ubungakanani kwi401k yakho.
- Kwiminyaka engama-30 , Kuya kufuneka ube nonyaka omnye wengeniso kwi-401k yakho. Oko kuthetha ukuba wenza i $ 60,000, bekufanele ukuba uyigcinile loo mali kwi-401k yakho.
- Kwiminyaka engama-40 , Kuya kufuneka ubuncinci ube neminyaka emithathu yengeniso kwi-401k yakho. Oko kuthetha ukuba ubusenza i-80,000 yeedola ngexesha uneminyaka engama-40, kuya kufuneka ube ubuncinci u-240,000 kwi-401k yakho.
- Kwiminyaka engama-50 , Kuya kufuneka ubuncinci ube neminyaka emihlanu yengeniso kwi-401k yakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba uyonyusile umvuzo wakho ukuya kwi- $ 100,000, kuya kufuneka ube ne-500,000 yeedola kwi-401k yakho.
- Kwiminyaka yobudala yomhlala phantsi (iminyaka engama-65) , Kuya kufuneka ubuncinci iminyaka esibhozo yengeniso kwi-401k yakho. Oko kuthetha ukuba uyonyusile umvuzo wakho ukuya kwi-150,000 yeedola, kuya kufuneka ube ne-1,200,000 yeedola egcinwe kwi-401k yakho.
Ewe kunjalo, le yimigaqo nje ngokubanzi. Oko kuthetha ukuba bakunika enye kuphela erhabaxa Uqikelelo lwento ekufuneka bebe benayo ngexesha befikelela kule minyaka. Abayithathi ingqalelo umvuzo kunye namava akho.
Ngokwenyani, akukho mpendulo inye ukuba ungakanani ekufuneka unayo kwi-401k yakho, kwaye nabani na oxelela ngenye indlela uyaxoka okanye akayazi nje.
Ndingakhupha itoni yamanani kwaye ndikubonise ukuba ungakanani umntu okwi-20s nakwi-30s yakhe ayigcinayo, kodwa iya kuba yinkcitho epheleleyo yexesha ngenxa yezizathu ezibini:
- Akunakwenzeka ukuthelekisa ngokulinganayo abatyali zimali ababini. Wonke umntu unemeko yakhe eyahlukileyo yokonga. Kungenxa yoko le nto inokuba sisidenge ukuthelekisa i-Ph.D. Umfundi ubotshelelwe ngamawaka etyala lemali mboleko yomfundi kunye nengxowa mali yengxowa mali ethe yafumana nje umsebenzi ophucukileyo wamanani amathandathu kwinyanga yokuqala emva kwekholeji. Zombini ziya konga ngokwahlukileyo kakhulu, ke akufanelekile ukuba uzithelekise.
- Uninzi lwabantu alukulungelanga ngokwezimali ukuthatha umhlalaphantsi. IAmerican Institute of Certified Public Accountants kutsha nje ipapashe uphononongo olufumanise ukuba phantse isiqingatha sabo bonke abantu baseMelika abaqinisekanga ukuba banako ukuhlawula umhlala-phantsi. Kuyothusa ngakumbi xa ucinga ngento yokuba abantu abaninzi bagqithisa isixa semali abayigcinileyo abaya kuba nakho ukuyisebenzisa bakube bethathe umhlala-phantsi .
Endaweni yokuxhalaba malunga ne-minutiae njengokuthi kufanele ukuba ugcine kangakanani, jolisa kwikamva. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba:
- Yenza uphando lwakho. Into osele uyenza ngokufunda eli nqaku.
- Ukuqeqeshwa. Oku kuthetha ukugcina imali rhoqo.
- Qala kwangoko. Elona xesha lilungileyo lokuqalisa ukutyala imali yayizolo. Ixesha lesibini elifanelekileyo ngoku. Qalisa ke kwaye ungakhathazeki malunga nokunye.
Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uyiqonde kakuhle into eyi-401k yakho kwaye kutheni ibaluleke kangaka kwisicwangciso sakho somhlala-phantsi.
Ibhondi: Ukuba nengeniso engaphezulu kwesinye kunokukunceda ungene kumaxesha anzima ezoqoqosho. Funda ukuba ungaqala njani ukufumana imali eyongezelelweyo ngesiKhokelo sam esiSimahla sokuFumana iMali
Yintoni i-401k?
I-401k luhlobo olunamandla lweakhawunti yomhlala phantsi ethi iinkampani ezininzi zinike abasebenzi bazo. Ngexesha ngalinye lokuhlawula, ubeka inxenye yomvuzo wakho phambi kwerhafu kwiakhawunti.
Ibizwa ngokuba yiakhawunti yomhlala-phantsi kuba ikunika izibonelelo ezinkulu zerhafu ukuba awuyikhuphi imali yakho de ube uneminyaka engama-59½ (ubudala bokuthatha umhlalaphantsi).
Kwaye kukho izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo zokuba neakhawunti engama-401k:
- Utyalomali phambi kwerhafu. Imali oyifaka kwisicwangciso se-401k ayihlawulwanga irhafu de uyirhoxise kuma-59½, oko kuthetha ukuba unemali eninzi yokutyala imali ekukhuleni komxube. Ukuba loo mali yayityalwe kwi-akhawunti yesiqhelo yotyalo-mali, inxalenye yayo iya kwirhafu yengeniso.
- Imali yasimahla ngokuhambelana nomqeshi. Uninzi lweenkampani ezibonelela nge-401k ziya kukulinganisa 1: 1 ukuya kwipesenti ethile yomvuzo wakho. Masithi inkampani yakho ibonelela ngomdlalo we-5%. Ukuba ufumana $ 100,000 / ngonyaka kwaye utyale i-5% yomvuzo wakho wonyaka ($ 5,000), ishishini lakho liya kukulinganisa ne- $ 5,000, uliphindaphinde utyalo-mali lwakho. Yimali yasimahla!
- Utyalomali oluzenzekelayo. Nge-401k, imali yakho ikhutshwa kwimirhumo yakho kwaye ityalwe ngokuzenzekelayo, oko kuthetha ukuba akufuneki ungene kwiakhawunti yomrhwebi ukuze utyale imali rhoqo ngenyanga. Eli liqhinga elihle lokugcina utyalomali.
Jonga umzobo ongezantsi obonisa ukuba kutheni uhlala utyala imali kwi-401k yakho:
| Iminyaka | Iminikelo yakho | Umdlalo womqeshi | Ibhalansi ngaphandle kwembuyekezo yomqeshi | Ukulingana nomlingane womqeshi |
| 25 | $ 5,000 | $ 5,000 | $ 5.214 | $ 10,428 |
| 30 | $ 5,000 | $ 5,000 | $ 38,251 eyi- | $ 76,501 |
| 35 | $ 5,000 | $ 5,000 | $ 86,792 | $ 173,585 |
| 40 | $ 5,000 | $ 5,000 | $ 158,116 | $ 316,231 |
| Isine | $ 5,000 | $ 5,000 | $ 262,913 | $ 525,826 yeedola |
| Amashumi amahlanu | $ 5,000 | $ 5,000 | $ 416,895 | $ 833,790 |
| 55 | $ 5,000 | $ 5,000 | $ 643,145 | $ 1,286,290 |
| 60 | $ 5,000 | $ 5,000 | $ 975,581 | $ 1,951,161 |
| Amashumi amathandathu anesihlanu | $ 5,000 | $ 5,000 | $ 1,350,762 yeedola | $ 2,701,525 yeedola |
Ke impendulo elungileyo kukungakanani endinayo kwi-401k yam Nangona kwanele ukuba umqeshi afane. Kwaye ngenene, zimbini kuphela izizathu ekungekho kuzo zokutyala imali kwi-401k:
- Uvaleleke kwisiqithi esiyintlango kwaye izibonelelo zabasebenzi ziyasilela.
- Umqeshi wakho wangoku akanikezeli nge-401k.
Ukuba umqeshi wakho unikezela ngesicwangciso se-401k ngomdlalo, qiniseka ukubiza ummeli wakho we-HR kwaye ubhalisele yona ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba umqeshi wakho akanikeli ngesicwangciso se-401k, sayina kunjalo (kodwa awuyi kufuna ukutyala imali kuyo-jonga ividiyo yam engezantsi ngolwazi oluthe kratya).
Xa usenza, ungaqala ukuzibuza ukuba kufuneka ube malini kwi-401k yakho. Impendulo ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi.
Yimalini ongayifaka kwiakhawunti yakho yomhlalaphantsi?
NjengakwiRoth IRA, kukho umda wokuba unganikela kangakanani kwi-401k. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo neRoth IRA, unokuba negalelo KAKHULU ngakumbi.
Ukuqala ngo-2019, unokuba negalelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-19,000 yeedola ngonyaka ukuya kwi-401k yakho ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50.
Ukuba ungaphezulu kwama-50, unokunikela nge- $ 6,000 ngaphezulu, ubuninzi be- $ 24,500 / ngonyaka.
Xa kuthelekiswa neRoth IRA, apho unokunikela kuphela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6,000 yeedola ngonyaka, eli lithuba iyamangalisa Ingakumbi kuba imali yakho yangaphambi kwerhafu iqokelela ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Ungakanani igalelo onalo kwi-401k yakho?
Ufanele ukutyala malini inyanga nenyanga kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo endiyibiza ngokuba nguMgangatho wezeMali obuqu. Jonga iindawo ezintathu:
- Umqeshi wakho ngama-401k. Ngenyanga nganye, kuya kufuneka unikezele kangangoko ukuze ufumane okungakumbi kwigalelo lenkampani yakho elingu-401k. Oko kuthetha ukuba ishishini lakho libonelela nge-5% yomdlalo, kuya kufuneka ufake isandla KUNYE NESI-5% somvuzo wakho wenyanga kwi-401k yakho inyanga nenyanga.
- Ukuba unamatyala. Nje ukuba uvumile ukufaka isandla ubuncinci kwigalelo lomqeshi kwi-401k yakho, kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba awunatyala. Ukuba akunjalo, kuhle! Ukuba iyenzeka, kulungile.
- Igalelo lakho leRoth IRA. Emva kokuba uqale ukufaka isandla kwi-401k yakho kwaye ususe ityala lakho, ungaqala ukutshala imali kwiRoth IRA. Ngokungafaniyo ne-401k yakho, le akhawunti yotyalo-mali ikuvumela ukuba utyale imali emva kwerhafu kwaye ayiqokeleli rhafu kumvuzo wakho. Ngokubhala, unokuba negalelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6,000 / ngonyaka.
Emva kokuba unikezele kwi-Roth IRA yakho engama-6,000, buyela kwi-401k yakho kwaye uqale ukunikela ngaphaya yeqela.
Khumbula, unokwenza igalelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-19,000 / ngonyaka kwi-401k yakho ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50. Ke akufuneki ubenangxaki yokuqhubeka nokutyala imali kwi-401k yakho.
Kwaye ukuba unako ukuyikhupha, qiniseka ukuba unditsalele umnxeba. Siza kuphuma siyokusela nawe.
Kodwa iRamit, kutheni le nto kufuneka ndiphumeze iRoth IRA yam ngaphambi kwe401k yam ukuba intle kangaka?
Zininzi iingxoxo ze-nerdy kwicandelo lezemali zobuqu kulo mbandela, kodwa isikhundla sam sisekele kwirhafu kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo.
Ukucinga ukuba ikhondo lakho lomsebenzi lihamba kakuhle, uyakuba kwibrakethi ephezulu xa uthatha umhlala-phantsi, oko kuthetha ukuba kuya kufuneka uhlawule irhafu engaphezulu nge-401k. Kwakhona, iirhafu zinokunyuka kwixesha elizayo.
Inqanaba lezezimali lomntu liluncedo xa ucinga ngento oza kuyibeka phambili xa kufikwa kutyalomali lwakho. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, bukela ividiyo yam engaphantsi kwemizuzu emithathu apho ndiyichazayo.
Ibhalansi ngamalungelo aqinisekisiweyo nangaphandle kweNgxowa-mali
Inxalenye enkulu yesicwangciso sakho esingu-401 (k) isicwangciso esinokususa xa uyeka ukusebenzela inkampani. Uhlala uzinikele ngokupheleleyo kwiminikelo oyenzayo kwisicwangciso sakho sama-401 (k), ke musa ukuyeka ukwenza igalelo kuba ungazi ukuba uza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani nenkampani. Kodwa ukuba awunamalungelo xa ushiya, ungaphulukana nenye okanye lonke igalelo elenziwe ngumqeshi wakho egameni lakho.
Ukufunyanwa kweMirhumo yoMqeshi
Nangona kunjalo, umqeshi wakho unokuphumeza ishedyuli yebhaso lemirhumo abayenzayo egameni lakho, njengokuthelekisa igalelo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umda wexesha umqeshi anokufuna ukuba usebenze ngaphambi kokuba unikwe ngokupheleleyo. Inkqubo nganye yokubonelela kufuneka inikezwe ubuncinci ngokukhawuleza njengenye yezi ndlela zimbini.
Ishedyuli yokuwongwa kukaCliff ifuna ukuba bonke abasebenzi babe selugcinweni ngokupheleleyo kwimirhumo yomqeshi ekupheleni konyaka wesithathu wengqesho. Ishedyuli yokuwongwa ngokwamabakala ifuna ukuba abasebenzi babe ubuncinci beepesenti ezingama-20 zamalungelo emva kweminyaka emibini kunye neepesenti ezingama-20 ezongezelelweyo minyaka le.
Umzekelo, ishedyuli yokudityaniswa enika abasebenzi iipesenti ezili-10 zegalelo lomqeshi emva konyaka wokuqala, kunye neepesenti ezingama-30 ezongezelelweyo ngonyaka ngamnye emva koko, ziya kufaneleka kuba zihlala ziphambi kweshedyuli yokuqinisa. Nangona kunjalo, ishedyuli yelungelo elinika abasebenzi ngokupheleleyo emva kweminyaka emine, kodwa inganiki malungelo ngaphambi kwelo nqanaba, iyakusilela kuvavanyo kuba, ekupheleni konyaka wesithathu, umqeshwa akanamalungelo agunyazisiweyo. Zombini iindlela onokukhetha kuzo.
Iziqulatho
- Ndingayifumana njani ibhalansi yam engama-401K?
- Ukujonga i-401 (K) ye-Balance Plan
- Ndingakanani xa ndinama 401k wam?
- Yintoni i-401k?
- Yimalini ongayifaka kwiakhawunti yakho yomhlalaphantsi?
- Ungakanani igalelo onalo kwi-401k yakho?
- Ibhalansi ngamalungelo aqinisekisiweyo nangaphandle kweNgxowa-mali
- Ukufunyanwa kweMirhumo yoMqeshi