AmaJuda lelona lizwe lidala elinamagama angaqhelekanga, abonisa ukuthandana, kunye namagama emilodi. Aba bantu abangaqhelekanga kuzo zonke iinkalo, bahluke kakhulu kwiiSlav. Akukho ngaphandle kunye neefani zamaYuda. Ke zahlukile njengoko zenziwe njalo-iinkcukacha ezingezantsi.
Uhlalutyo lwemvelaphi kunye nokubaluleka kweefani zamaYuda
Kumaxesha amandulo, xa abantu bamaJuda babezalwa ukhokho wabo yayinguYakobi (owathi kamva waba nguSirayeli), kwakungekho mntu wayesebenzisa ifani. Babengekho kwaphela. Igama lomntu lalisoloko lisetyenziselwa ukuchonga umntu, ukuba kukho imfuneko kukho ingcaciso: igama elongezelelweyo lafakwa kwigama. Kodwa kamva inani labantu lakhula, kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha amaJuda ajongana nengxaki zokuchongwa njengezinye izizwe.
AmaJuda awazange ahlule abantu ngegama lokugqibela, kodwa babekwazana ngezizwe zabo.
Zili-12 izizwe kwaSirayeli, ngokwenani loonyana bakaYakobi (uSirayeli), abathiywa emva kwesibini.
- UYudas;
- USimon;
- ULevi;
- URubhen;
- Kunokuba;
- UBhenjamin;
- KwaNafetali;
- UAshere;
- UGadi;
- Isahar;
- UZebhulon;
- USimon.
Leyo yeyedolo elithile kwaye iimpawu zohlobo oluqhelekileyo zichongiwe. Namhlanje kunzima kakhulu ukujonga umnombo welizwe lakwa-Israyeli ukufumana ukuba sisiphi isizwe. Kodwa namhlanje onke amaYuda anegama lawo. Ngenxa yendlela yobomi yokufuduka ngokungagungqiyo kunye nokuhlala ixesha elide phantsi kwedyokhwe yezinye izizwe, amaYuda aboleka amasiko amaninzi kwi-goyim (abahedeni).
Ngenxa yokujikeleza ixesha elide, amaYuda aboleka isithethe sokufumana ifani. Baqala ukubabela yonke inkwenkwe okanye indoda kwaye yahambisa inkosikazi yayo nabantwana bayo kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.
Iifani ezaziwayo zamaJuda zenziwa phantsi kwempembelelo yezi zinto zilandelayo:
- amagama abazali;
- uqeqesho;
- yokuhlala
- Sisizwe esithile;
- imisebenzi yangaphandle.
Isilumkiso Umbuso wakwaSirayeli awuzange ubuyiselwe kude kube ngo-1948 nangaphambi koko onke amaYuda achithakala kwihlabathi liphela. Oku kuchaphazele nokwakheka kweefani kunye nezinto zabo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo indawo yokuhlala yosapho ngalunye kunye nezindlu.
Iifani ezintle zamaYuda zamantombazana
Amagama angamaYuda awathandwa kwaSirayeli kuphela. Ngenxa yokuba abantu bachithachitheke kwihlabathi liphela, ungadibana nabameli bayo naphi na. Njengomthetho, isandi kunye nendlela yokubiza amagama inokumisela ukuba igama linemvelaphi yamaYuda.
Amagama amahle amaJuda anenkcazo emfutshane yeentsingiselo ezifanelekileyo kumantombazana nakwabafazi zichaziwe apha ngezantsi.
- U-Eisenberg - igama elenziwe ngenkulungwane ye-17-18. Kwinguqulelo yokoqobo - Intaba yentsimbi.
- I-Altzitzer -ithetha undwendwe rhoqo, rhoqo rhoqo.
- U-Bil, u-Bilman, u-Bilberg ngamagama okugqibela avela kwigama labasetyhini (i-Beila e-Yiddish transcript).
- Okungenanto - yimvelaphi yaseJamani. Ngokwenyani ithetha ukuba yikristale ecacileyo, emhlophe qhwa.
- U-Weigelman ligama lokugqibela elaqala ukubonakala kumthengisi weemveliso zebhaka, ngokoguqulelo lwangempela.
- UWeizmann ngumrhwebi wengqolowa okanye iinkozo. Ifani ithandwa kakhulu eMpuma Yurophu, ihlala ifumaneka eRashiya.
- IVainbaum - umthi wewayini. Abaphathi bokuqala ngamaYuda anemvelaphi yaseJamani.
- IHassenbaum - umthi wesitalato okanye isityalo esingaphandle. Imvelaphi - Ostriya.
- UDahinger-waqala ke ukubiza amaJuda azelwe kwaye ahlala kwisixeko saseJamani iDahingen.
- Idayimani yedayimani - idayimani emsulwa. Elona nani likhulu labaphathi bamaJuda bahlala eUnited States of America.
- U-Evruhiem - uguqulelwe ngokusuka kwisiHebhere, uthetha ubabalo okanye ubabalo.
- Kershtein - cherry kernel (ithambo).
- I-Korenfeld-iguqulelwe njengentsimi egqunywe ngengqolowa.
- I-Lamberg - ialpine yeegusha okanye iigusha ezisezintabeni. Kumaxesha amandulo igama elinjalo lalidla ngokunikwa abelusi.
- Mandelshtan - isiqu esihle somthi wom-amangile.
- UNeumann yindoda entsha, entsha okanye isizukulwana esitsha.
- Ofman - umthengisi wenkukhu, umfuyi weenkukhu.
- I-Oytenberg yintaba ebomvu ebomvu.
- I-Pappenheim yifani ngemvelaphi yendawo. Ngethuba lokuqala baqala ukubiza amaJuda ahlala kwiphondo laseJamani ngegama elifanayo.
- IRosenstein - intaba epinki okanye ilitye. Ngethuba lokuqala, igama losapho lalinokwabelwa isitena okanye ijeeler enamava.
- USimelson - unyana wendoda eyayibizwa ngokuba nguShem, okanye intombazana egama linguSikh.
- UTevelson ngunyana kaDavide. Fumana Tevel inkcazo yegama lokuqala phezu Facebook
- USchwartzman - indoda emnyama. Ngokwembali, inxenye yabantu bamaJuda ibonakaliswa ngolusu olunombala ogqithileyo.
Isilumkiso Bambalwa abantu abazaziyo izibonelelo zegama lomJuda. Nokuba ikhuriya yakhe ayisekho kwisizukulwana sokuqala esihlala kummandla welinye ilizwe, usenalo ilungelo lokufumana ubumi.
Uluhlu lweefani zamadoda kwisitayile saseRussia
Malunga nesigidi esinye samaJuda ahlala eRashiya namhlanje. Kumazwe angabamelwane abathetha isiRashiya, amaxesha amathathu ngaphezulu. Aba bantu khange babonakale apha izolo, kodwa baphila amakhulu eminyaka, bethembekile kwiinkolelo nakwizithethe zabo. Asinguye wonke umntu okwazileyo ukumanyana kuSirayeli obuyiselweyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto amagama ngeendlela zaseRussia engaphezulu lee kunenye. Indima ekhethekileyo kutshintsho lwenzeka ngexesha lobukomanisi kunye namaxesha eMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, xa amaJuda ayetshutshiswa ngandlela zonke kwaye ephula amalungelo abo. Ngexesha lama-20 leminyaka, uninzi lwamagama asele ekho afumana uguquko.
Uluhlu lwamagama angamaYuda ngeendlela zaseRashiya-ngezantsi kwi-alfabhethi.
- UAaronov, Ashmanov, Aliyev, Akivovich, Alzutsky, Akentsov.
- IBaazov, iBerkovich, iBrainin, iBilyarchik, iBudashev.
- UVorotsevitsky, uVitkunsky, uVaynarsky, uVortmanov.
- UGilkin, uGolansky, uGoldbaev, uGershenov, uGersonov.
- UDainov, uDushinsky, uDynkin, uDomeratsky, uDubanov.
- Yerzakov, Yevseyev, Yeremeyev, Yegudin.
- Zhagorsky, Zhinderov, Zhutinsky, Zhidkov, Zhingerov.
- Zaytsman, Zvansky, Zelensky, Zubarevsky, Zonenov.
- Ivkin, Ivleev, Ishanin, Iosifov, Iokhimovich, Istshakov.
- Katsmazovsky, Karamaev, Kats, Kupetman, Krushevsky, Krasnovich.
- Libin, Lipsky, Lastovitsky, Lakhmanov, Ladovich, Labensky, Ladorzhev.
- UMalik, uManasevich, uManakhimov, uMolbertov, uMendelevich, uMusnitsky, uMushinsky.
- UNitishinsky, uNakhutin, uNowa, uNeumanov, uNikitinsky, uNussinov.
- Obrov, orenji, Oblegorsky, Ostrogorsky, Ovcharov.
- Paleev, Pantyukhovsky, Pevzner, Pashkovetsky, Pushik, Pultorak.
- URabayev, uRakuzin, uRabinovich, uRachkovsky, uRosalinsky.
- Saevich, Saulov, Sobolevsky, Spitkovsky, Sovinkov, Skaraev, Sukhmanov.
- UThabansky, Talsky, Tumalinsky, Traimanov, Talachinsky.
- Ugrinovsky, Udmanov, Usvyatsky, Urbov, Usanov.
- UFabianov, uFaybyshev, uFateev, uFleischer, uFosin, uFrismanov.
- Khabensky, Khaetovsky, Havermans, Khautin, Khodikov, Khrisky.
- Tsaveler, Tsukermanov, Zuler, Tsapov, Tsiporkin, Tsipermanov, Tsakhnovsky.
- UChemeris, uChernyakhovsky, uCherneev, uChikinsky, uChikhmanov, uChopovetsky.
- Shevinsky, Shvetsov, Shimanov, Steinin, Shmorhun, Shpileyev, Shulyakhin, Shushkovsky.
- USherbovitsky, uShchedrin, uSchirin.
- UAbramov, uEdelmanov, uElkin, uEsterikin, no-Efroimovich.
- Yudakov, Yudin, Yurgelyansky, Yuzhelevsky, Yushkevich.
- Yablonsky, Yagutkin, Yakubovich, Yarmitsky, Yakhnovich, Yastersonov.
Amagama amaninzi aye afana ngakumbi namaRussia xa aguqulelwayo kwaye aya kubungqina. Ke ngexesha lokutshutshiswa, amaJuda abufihla ubulungu bawo kubantu bakwa-Israyeli egameni lokusindisa ubomi babo.
Olona khetho ludumileyo nolona luqhelekileyo
Kukho amagama angenakuhlulwa sisandi. Ezinye zazo zixhaphake kakhulu kwi-CIS, nangona zithathwa njengezinqabileyo kwa-Israyeli.
Ngawaphi amagama amaJuda adumileyo nawaziwayo - uluhlu olungezantsi.
- URabinovich - ifani eye yathandwa kukhetho lweziqhulo malunga namaJuda apapashwa kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-20;
- UGoldman - kuphela eMoscow apho unokufumana khona malunga neentsapho ezintlanu ezinegama lokugqibela elingelilo iqhina losapho;
- Bergman - akukho ngaphantsi ethandwayo, kodwa eqhelekileyo ePoland, eJamani naseBulgaria;
- U-Katzman okanye u-Katz yifani yamaJuda exhaphakileyo kumazwe angaphambi kweSoviet.
An into umdla: igama Abramov ngokungafanelekanga ingqalelo Israeli. E-Russia igama Abram lalisetyenziswa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, elathi kamva lasetyenziswa kulwabiwo losapho kunye nelifa.
Iifani ezinqabileyo zamaYuda
Kwiifolda uya kufumana amawaka okhetho athandwa ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi, kuxhomekeke kummandla. Kodwa kukho ezo zinqabile kakhulu.
Amagama akhethekileyo amaJuda awazange eve nokuva ngawo:
- IMintz;
- IMaryamin;
- Yushpra;
- UMoses;
- Dekmaher;
- UHarishman;
- Khashan;
- Nehama;
- Isitshisi;
- Karfunkel.
Kuyo yonke imbali yoluntu, abantu bakwa-Israyeli babekhe babhencwa kuzo zonke iintlobo zeentlekele, ke amagama amaninzi ahlala eyinkumbulo kwindawo yokugcina izinto. Oku kungasentla kuphela kwezo zikhetho zibaphiwe abathwali babo abasaphilayo.
Abanini abadumileyo bamagama angamaJuda
Amadoda amakhulu esayensi kunye nobugcisa bahlala bengamaYuda. Le nto kulula ukuyichaza imeko yengqondo kunye nemfundo. Uninzi lwabantu abadumileyo bexesha lethu bayabandakanyeka nabantu bakwa-Israeli, nangona bahlala beyifihla le nto.
Abona bantu babalaseleyo ababenxibe iifani zamaJuda bavuliwe.
- UAlbert Einstein yeyona nzulu-lwazi ibalaseleyo kuye inzululwazi yale mihla yabakho. Ukufunyanwa kwe-physicist kwazisa impumelelo kwiindawo ezininzi.
- UKarl Marx - inkokeli yobukomanisi edumileyo kunye nombhali wezabasebenzi kubungxowankulu. Izinyanya zakhe zazingoorabhi abangamaJuda eJamani kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana kwaye umama wakhe wayenethemba lokuba uKarl uza kuqhubeka neshishini losapho.
- UFranz Kafka ngumbhali ontununtunu kwaye onetalente emangalisayo, ogama lakhe lisazukisiwe ziingcali zobugcisa boncwadi.
Abameli abaninzi bobugcisa beli xesha - amagcisa, iimvumi, abadlali beqonga, ahlekisayo- nabo baneengcambu zamaJuda kwaye banamagama afanayo. Izazinzulu zicebisa ukuba ubukho beetalente ezikhethekileyo kunye neempawu ezenza ukuba zityhile kukwakwimfuza. Kodwa le nyani ayikaqinisekiswa kwaye ithathwa njengengcamango.
Iifani zamaJuda zahlukile kwaye zintle, nangona isandi sahluke kakhulu kwiindlebe eziqhelekileyo zasekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, nganye inembali yayo eyahlukileyo, isekelwe kwimbali yakudala.
Iziqulatho
- Uhlalutyo lwemvelaphi kunye nokubaluleka kweefani zamaYuda
- Iifani ezintle zamaYuda zamantombazana
- Uluhlu lweefani zamadoda kwisitayile saseRussia
- Olona khetho ludumileyo nolona luqhelekileyo
- Iifani ezinqabileyo zamaYuda
- Abanini abadumileyo bamagama angamaJuda
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