Intsingiselo yeBhayibhile yeemali zemali emaphupheni . Ukuphupha iingqekembe kubonisa iimvakalelo ezintle malunga namandla okanye izixhobo onokuzisebenzisa nanini na ufuna. Ukuziqaphela ukuba uthanda into exabisekileyo onayo. Usenokuba uncome amathuba okanye amathuba ahlala efumaneka kuwe. Ukonwabela ukwazi ukuba unamandla okanye inkululeko ehlala ikhona ukuba uyayifuna.
Ebhayibhileni, isilivere inxulunyaniswa nolwazi, ukuhlengwa, ukucokiswa, ukukhonza izithixo, okanye ukukrexeza ngokomoya. Ngaphandle koko, isilivere Intsingiselo yebhayibhile yeengqekembe zamaphupha Iingqekembe njengeMpawu yobuKrestu zimela ukubawa kwabantu kunyeavarice. Kwiingqekembe zoBugcisa zamaKrestu zihlala ziboniswa zinamashumi amathathu zimela ukungcatshwa kukaYesu nguJudas Iskariyoti. Inxalenye yokudlala yeengqekembeeneenkcukachaphakathi UMateyu 26: 14-16 apho uYuda avumayo ukungcatsha uYesu: 14 Ngelo xesha kwaphuma omnye weshumi elinababini, ekuthiwa nguYuda Sikariyoti, waya kubabingeleli abakhulu I-Easton Bible Dictionary inika le nkcazo ilandelayo, intsingiselo kunye nokubhekiswa kwiingqekembe eBhayibhileni. Phambi kokuthinjwa amaJuda ayengenayo isitampu rhoqo. Basebenzise iishekele ezingafakwanga okanye iitalente zesilivere, ababezilinganisile (Gen. 23:16; Eks. 38:24; 2 Sam. 18:12). Mhlawumbi iingotshi zesilivere ezazisetyenziswa ngexesha lika-Abraham zisenokuba zezilungisiweubunzima, obabonakaliswa ngandlela thile kubo. Inkqubo ye- amaqhosha esilivere kuhlawulwa ngu-Abhimeleki ku-Abraham (Gen. 20:16), kwaye ezo uYosefu wathengiselwa zona (37:28), mhlawumbi zazikwimo yemisesane. Ishekele yayingumgangatho oqhelekileyo wobunzima kunye nexabiso phakathi kwamaHebhere ukuza kuthi ga kwixesha likaUkuthinjwa. Kukanye kuphela apho kukhankanywa ishekele yegolide (1 IziKr. 21:25). Amawaka amathandathu egolide akhankanywe kwintengiselwano phakathi kukaNahaman noGehazi (2 Kumkani 5: 5) inokuba yayiziishekele zegolide. Isiqwenga semali esikhankanywe kuYobhi 42:11; Gen.33: 19 (marg., Iimvana) yayiyi _kesitah_ yesiHebhere, mhlawumbi isiqwenga sesilivere esingafakwanga ubunzima besimo segusha okanye semvana, okanye mhlawumbi sinoluvo olunjalo. Igama elifanayo lesiHebhere lisetyenziswe kuYosh. 24:32, enikelwa nguWickliffe ikhulu leetoni ezide. Ukuphulukana neengqekembe ozikhusele okanye oziqokelele ngaphakathi kwekhaya lakho kuhlala kunxulunyaniswa nempumelelo encinci okanye iintsikelelo, ngakumbi xa kufikwa kushishino. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufanelekile ukuba ufezekise inkqubela phambili eya kuthi ivelise imbuyekezo eluncedo kodwa yethutyana. Ngelixa isenokungakwenzi ukuba ube ngusaziwayo owaziwayo, ngokuzimisela nokusebenza nzima, le mbuyekezo intobekileyo inokuba lilitye lokunyathela kwinto enkulu. Iingqekembe zegolide zibonisa ubutyebi, okanye ubutyebi obuqokelelweyo, ngokweenguqulelo kwiincwadi zamaphupha. Lo asingombono nje oqhelekileyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukhethwe ngekamva, kwaye ulindele uninzi lwezimanga ezimnandi. Iingqekembe zegolide zityhila ukuba kufuneka uzilungiselele utshintsho oludlamkileyo nolulungileyo. Eli phupha likwaluphawu lokuqalisa kwe-adventure ebangela umdla. Amaphupha malunga neengqekembe zemali ezibonakala ngathi zenziwe ngobhedu zihlala zijongwa njengophawu lokuba uza kudibana nexesha lokuthuthuzela kunye nolonwabo. Ngaphaya koko, oku akulindelwanga ukuba kuchaze utshintsho olumangalisayo kwimeko yakho. Endaweni yokuba olu tshintsho lunokwenzeka ngegalelo lezakhono zakho, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba uyasokola kwaye usenzela abanye okuhle, kuyakuvumela ukuba uphucule kwaye uphumelele. Iimali zesinyithi ngokubanzi zibonakalisa umngcipheko womzimba, njengokuphukelwa yinqanawa, ukonakala kwendiza, okanye ukonakala kwemoto xa useluhambeni Ukuphupha iingqekembe ezenziwe kwezinye izinto ngaphandle kwesilivere kunye negolide, enje ngobhedu, intsimbi, njl.njl. Ukubona, ukubamba, okanye ukusebenzisa iingqekembe zemali ezicwebezelayo kuhlala kujongwa njengophawu lwethamsanqa kunye nempumelelo kwisakhelo sephupha. Oku kucacisa ukuba kwimisebenzi othathe inxaxheba kuyo ngoku, unokufumana inkqubela phambili kunye neziphumo eziluncedo. Eli phupha Xa ubonwa ephupheni, iingqekembe zemali ezisandula ukukhutshwa zifanekisela ingeniso yezoqoqosho engalindelekanga. Oku kuthetha ukuba uyakufumana imali eyongezelelweyo okanye ezinye izinto ezivela kumntu ongaqhelekanga okanye ongalindelekanga okanye indawo. Eli phupha linokuba kulindelwe ukuthembisa ukuthembeka kwisizathu esithile okanye ngaphandle kwenjongo. Ukuba nephupha leengqekembe zamandulo ezinokuqokelelwa, nokuba ungumnikazi wazo okanye uzibone kwenye indawo, uqikelela ukujongana nomsebenzi odinisayo nocelomngeni. Le misebenzi yokutya ixesha, njengokugcwalisa amaxwebhu, ukuhamba-hamba uye kwiindawo ezahlukileyo, kulindeleke ukuba kube kukuleqa ezinye iinjongo osebenza kuzo ngalo mzuzu. Ukuphonononga okanye ukufumana iingqekembe ezindala, ezinje ngemyuziyam okanye ingqokelela eyimfihlo, kuhlala kubonwa njengophawu lokuba ukuyo okanye malunga nokufikelela kwixesha elinxulunyaniswa nokuzicamngca nokuziphendla, okuthetha ukuba uqokelela ulwazi kwaye uluguqule kubulumko. Zimbalwa izikhumbuzo ezibonakalayo zobomi bemihla ngemihla eziye zabona utshintsho oluncinci kwiinkulungwane njengoko zinemali. Ngaphandle kweendlela zokuvelisa, iingqekembe azikhange ziphucuke kangako kumaxesha okubhalwa kweBhayibhile. KwiTestamente eNdala sifumana iimbekiselo ekusetyenzisweni okunjalo. Ubutyebi buka-Abraham babulinganiswa ngegolide, isilivere neenkomo ( Gen. 13: 2 ). Xa izinyithi ezixabisekileyo zazenzelwe ukuba zisetyenziswe njengemali, zazisenziwa zaba ziingots okanye iidges (ezinje ngeAchan's wedge UYoshuwa 7:21 ) kunye namakhonkco amakhulu, kulula ukuhambisa (iinyanda zemali ze IGenesis 42:35 ). Olu setyenziso lwamva lugcinwe kwigama kikkar , okanye italente , Ithetha isetyhula okanye injengendandatho. Phambi kokuba kwenziwe iingqekembe ezimilo kunye nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo, ukuhlawulwa kwamiselwa ngokobunzima. Ngapha koko, imigaqo yokuhlawula kunye neyokulinganisa icinezelwe ligama elinye shaqal . Kule senzi sifumana igama elithi shekele (okanye ngokuchanekileyo, ishekele ), eza kuchaza ubunzima obumiselweyo obuli-12 ukuya kwi-14 yeegram. Ngexesha likaSolomon amatye emilinganiselo amatye, amanye anemibhalo ebhaliweyo yamaxabiso, ayesetyenziselwa ukumisela ixabiso lezinyithi ezixabisekileyo kwintengiselwano. USolomon walumkisa ngomkhwa wokukopela ngokusebenzisa amatye angaphezulu kwesinye (IMiz. 20:23). UHerodotus wayichaza kakuhle into yokuba abantu baseLidiya, ilizwe elincinane kodwa elisisityebi kwintshona yeAsia Minor. Iingqekembe zokuqala, ezenziwe malunga ne-640 BC, zabethwa kwi-electrum, eyenzeka ngokwendalo yegolide nesilivere, eyayicingelwa ukuba iyinxalenye yayo ngokwayo. Kungekudala kwasetyenziswa igolide kuphela; isilivere yalandelwa ngexesha likaCroesus (phakathi kwinkulungwane yesithandathu BC). Ezi ngqekembe zincinci zazineendlela ezifanayo, zinesilwanyana esingahlambulukanga (esihlala siyingonyama) okanye uyilo lwejometri kwelinye icala, kunye nokufakwa okunzulu kwelinye icala. Xa, ngo-547 BC, uKoreshi wathabatha iSardesi, kwaye yonke iAsia Minor yaba lilifa lamaPersi, amaPersi akhawuleza azibona izibonelelo zale ngqekembe. UDariyo I (iHystaspis) (521-486 BC) wazisa ngedaric yegolide, mhlawumbi ebizwa ngegama lakhe, kunye neqabane lakhe lesilivere, kwiinkulungwane . Ezi ngqekembe zaba zezokuqala ukubonisa umntu (ukumkani okhuphayo). Inkqubo ye- daric ikhankanywe kwiTestamente eNdala ku-Ezra 2:69 nakwi-1 yeziKronike 29: 7, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba yingqekembe ekhankanywe ku-Ezra 8:27 nakuNehemiya 7: 70-72, nangona amagama ahlukeneyo esetyenzisiwe. Ishekele kaNehemiya 5:15 isenokubhekisa kwi kwiinkulungwane . Ezi kuphela kwengxelo yemali yeTestamente eNdala. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yesihlanu B.C. Iingqekembe zaziveliswa eGaza, eAradus, eTire naseSidon, kodwa amaPersi afanelwe luzuko ngokuzisa iingqekembe zemali kwa-Israyeli. Iingqekembe ezincinci zesilivere, mhlawumbi zenziwe kwalapha ekhaya, zikho ngegama Ewe , igama lesiPersi lephondo lakwaYuda, elibhalwe ngesiAramiki. Ezi zabethwa ngenkulungwane yesihlanu neyesine B.C. Ingqekembe enye yomdla othile ibonisa intloko enentshebe kwisigcina-ntloko saseKorinte kwinto engalunganga, kunye nesithixo esineetrone ngasemva. Kuba ukunikela uthixo wesizwe esoyisiweyo kwiingqekembe zemali zalapha kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo ePersi, kucingelwa ukuba lo thixo akameli Thixo wamaYuda (ngokusekwe kumbono kaHezekile) . Ukunqaba kwale ngqekembe kubonisa ukungathandwa kwayo kwaYuda. Ngokungena kuka-Alexander III (Omkhulu) kweza umgangatho we-Attic wemali, equka i idrarhma . UAlexander waseka iiminti ezininzi kubo bonke ubukumkani bakhe. I-Acre, eyabizwa ngokuba yi-Ptolemais kamva, yaba yi-mint ye-Pales tine. Imali ka-Alexander yaba ngumgangatho kangangeenkulungwane. Kwizinto zakhe ezingalunganga idrarhma kwaye mzimjmzi kuboniswe uHercules (okanye uAlexander njengoHercules), kwaye umva ubonakalise uZeus owayehleli phantsi. Isiko elidala lokubeka imintmark ngasemva laqhubeka. Intsomi eqhelekileyo yayiquka UAlexandrou Oko kukuthi, imali ka-Alexander. Umgangatho wezi ngqekembe wawulungile; zazithandwa yaye zazidla ngokukhohliswa. Aba balawuli bakaPtolemaic nabaseSeleucid abalandelayo baqhubeka nokusebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo kunye nobunzima. Umlawuli wokuqala wamaJuda ukubetha iingqekembe yayingu-Alexander Yannai (Jannaeus) 104-78 B.C. Ngenxa yezizathu zokuxhomekeka kwezopolitiko kunye neemeko zoqoqosho ezimbi, ezi ngqekembe zabethwa kuphela ngobhedu. Iingqekembe zesilivere zamaYuda zazingenziwa de kwaba lixesha lemvukelo yokuqala yamaYuda, A.D 66-70. Iingqekembe zamaJuda azizange zenziwe ngegolide. Zombini ngesimbo kunye nobunzima ingqekembe yokuqala kaJannai yayifana nengqekembe engaphambili eyabethwa eJerusalem phakathi konyaka we-132 nowe-130 B.C. ngumlawuli kaSeleucus uAntiochus VII (Sidetes). Yayincinci encinci kune-United States kunye ne-lily kwi-obverse, ene-anchor ngasemva. Iingqekembe zikaYannai zazinemibhalo ebhaliweyo yesiHebhere neyesiGrike. IiHasmonaeans zazigcina iskripthi sesiHebhere kwiingqekembe zemali, njengoko zazisenziwa zakudala, nangona zazingaqhelekanga kakhulu kunesi-Aramaic esithethwayo. UHerode Omkhulu (37-4 BC) wabonisa umnqweno wakhe wokomeleza izinto zangaphandle kwelakwaYuda esebenzisa iingqekembe zakhe zemali. Yimibhalo ekroliweyo yamaGrike kuphela eyasetyenziswayo, umkhwa owawukhutshelwa ngoonyana bakhe. Uhlobo lomkhosi wobukumkani bakhe lukwabonisa kwiingqekembe zakhe zeesimboli ezinje ngamakhaka, iminqwazi kunye neenqanawa zemfazwe. Nangona wayehlala elumkele ukungabakhubekisi abalawulwa bakhe abangamaJuda, uHerode wenza eyona ngqekembe yakha yaveliswa ngumJuda kumaJuda ebonisa into ephilayo (ngokuchasene nomthetho wesibini). Ingqekembe encinci yobhedu yathwala umfanekiso wokhozi-mhlawumbi kwa-ukhozi olufanayo, olumiswe kumgangatho wohlobo lwamaRoma kwintendelezo yeTempile, olwabangela uqhushululu ekupheleni kolawulo lukaHerode. Ukuba kunjalo, sinako ukwenza lo mhla wengqekembe malunga nexesha lokuzalwa kukaKristu-5 okanye 4 B.C. UArchelaus (kwelakwaYuda, eSamariya, naseIdumeya), uAntipas (eGalili nasePereya), noPhilip (eIturea, eTrakhonitis, nakwezinye iindawo) baqhubeka nokwenza iimali zobhedu ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo, ezazinegama likaKesare nelezabo. Emva kwexesha ooHerode babonisa incasa encinci yamaJuda kwiingqekembe zabo, bekhetha ukulinganisa iingqekembe zaseRoma. Iziqulatho
15 Kwaye wabuza, Ukulungele ukundinika ntoni na ukuba ndimnikele kuwe? Bambala ke amashumi amathathu esilivere .
16 Waza kwalapho wafuna ithuba lokumnikela kubo.Ezinye iinguqulelo zePhupha malunga neengqekembe
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inokudibaniswa neshishini kunye nemicimbi yabucala.Iingqekembe ezintsha
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