Umncedisi wamazinyo uthatha i-x ray ngelixa ukhulelwe? .
Le yenye ye ukungaqiniseki okukhulu ye abafazi iingcali kwi Radiology : Zintoni umngcipheko yosana ngexesha lam lobume ukumitha ?
Ngokwe- IKhomishini yoLawulo lweNyukliya yase-US , abasebenzi abakhulelweyo akufuneki ivezwe ukuya ngaphezulu kwe - 500 mrem - ngexesha lakhe ukukhulelwa konke . Eyakho usana lukhuselekile ukuba uyayisebenzisa izixhobo zokukhusela nihlale ke 6 'kude . Kuya kufuneka une Ukubeka esweni ibheji , kananjalo.
Umncedisi wamazinyo ukubonakaliswa okuphantsi, umntwana wakho ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuba ulungile ukuba ulumkile.
Kolu hlalutyo, siza kugxila kwimiba emibini: Ukunyanzelisa iMitha kwaye Ukwenza imisebenzi ngemithwalo okanye ngentshukumo yobunzima. Kodwa kuqala masibeke ingcali kwindawo yakhe yokusebenza:
Indawo kwiNkonzo yeRadiodiagnostic okanye kwiNyukliya yeNyango
Ingcali inokuba neendawo ezininzi kule Nkonzo: Kwi-Radiology yesiqhelo (kokubini kukhathalelo lweSibhedlele kunye noKhathalelo oluSisiseko okanye amaZiko ezeMpilo), iMammografi, igumbi le-CT, i-MRI, i-Ultrasound, iX-ray ephathekayo, iRadiology eQhelekileyo, Igumbi lokuSebenza, iDensitometry, okanye iPET kunye neSpetc.
Kuyenzeka ukuba, ngaphambi kwe- Unxibelelwano olunyanzelekileyo wombuso Ukukhulelwa , Ingcali inokufumaneka kwindawo yokulaliswa esibhedlele ngesixhobo esiphathwayo, okanye kwiBhloko yoPhando esebenza neeArcs zoPhando okanye iiAngiographs.
Oku kubalulekile: uMmandla woMsebenzi. Ukuba usebenza kuMmandla A (uNgenelelo), apho ukhuseleko lusebenza khona kwaye lusondele kwizixhobo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba utshintshe izikhululo zomsebenzi. Kuyafana kwiNyukliya yeNyango kwiGumbi lokuPhatha iRadioisotope.
Ukuba kummandla B (kwezinye iindawo), abukho ubungqina bokuba semngciphekweni (ukusuka kwiveki yesibhozo ukubheka phambili, umbungu ubizwa ngokuba ngumntwana)
Imisebenzi yasekhaya
Kwindawo nganye kwezi zikhankanyiweyo, sineengxaki ezimbini ezibonakalayo kwinqanaba lezeMpilo eMsebenzini elinokuchaphazela uchwepheshe okhulelweyo:
- Imithwalo okanye iinzame zomzimba
- Iziphumo zokunyanzelwa kwemitha
Imithwalo yomzimba okanye iinzame
Kwimeko yezonyango kuhlala kukho iimfuno zokuphakamisa izigulana kunye nokumisa okanye ukugoba ngaphantsi kwenqanaba ledolo.
Le yeyokuqala kwizakhiwo ukunqanda nakuphi na ukukhulelwa: iinzame zomzimba. Ukanti ke ndidibene noogxa abakhulelweyo, nabanye bakucebisa, ukuba banxibe ifaskoti yokukhokela… Le yimpazamo: Ifaskoti ekhokelayo ityebe kakhulu.
Iziphumo zeRadiation Ionizing
Imitha yokuvelisa inokuvelisa iziphumo zebhayoloji ezichazwe njengezigqibo kunye ne-stochastic. Kukho imiphumo efuna umthamo wendlela yokubonakala kwayo; Oko kukuthi, zenzeka kuphela xa idosi yemitha ingaphezulu kwexabiso elithile kwaye, ukusuka kweli xabiso, ubungqongqo besiphumo buya kunyuka kunye nedosi efunyenweyo.
Ezi ziphumo zibizwa ngokuba kukuzimisela . Imizekelo yeziphumo ezichazayo ezinokubonakala kwimveku engekazalwa yile: ukuqhomfa, ukungalunganga okuzalwa kunye nokudodobala kwengqondo.
Kwelinye icala, kukho iziphumo ezingadingi thosisi yomqobo kwinkangeleko yazo, kwaye ukongeza, ukubonakala kokuvela kwabo kuya kwanda ngethamo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ukuba idosi yemitha iphindwe kabini, amathuba okubonakala kwesiphumo aya kuphindwa kabini.
Ezi ziphumo zibizwa ngokuba yi-stochastics, kwaye xa zivela, azifani nezo zibangelwa zizizathu zendalo okanye ezinye izinto. Umhlaza ngumzekelo wempembelelo ye-stochastic.
Ngokufuna idosi yomqobo, uthintelo lweziphumo eziqinisekisiweyo ziqinisekisiwe ngokumisela imida yedosi engezantsi komyinge wethosisi. Kwimeko yeziphumo ze-stochastic -kungabikho kwethosi eyaziwayo yokunciphisa ukubakho kokungeniswa kwayo-sinyanzelekile ukuba sigcine amanqanaba edosi efunyenweyo ephantsi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ithamo
Kumazwe e-European Union, kwamkelwe ukuba idosi engafunyanwa ngumntwana njengesiphumo somsebenzi womama ukusukela oko ukukhulelwa kufezekiswa kude kube sekupheleni kokumitha yi-1mSv. Lo ngumda wethamo onokufunyanwa luluntu kwaye ke ngoko umiselwe umntwana ongekazalwa ngokusekwe kukuqwalaselwa kokuziphatha kuba umntwana engathathi nxaxheba kwisigqibo kwaye engafumani sibonelelo kuso.
Ukusetyenziswa kwalo mda ekusebenzeni kuya kungqinelana nedosi ye-2mSv efunyenwe kumphezulu wesisu (umphantsi ongezantsi) womfazi de kube sekupheleni kokumitha.
Kodwa lumka: nasi isitshixo: 'Radiophobia'. Kuba lo mda wedosi ungaphantsi kakhulu kunedosi efunekayo ekubonakaleni kweziphumo zomntwana ongekazalwa, okoko ukukhupha isisu, ukungazalwa ngokuzalwa, ukwehla kwe-IQ okanye ukudodobala kwengqondo okuqatha kufuna idosi phakathi kwe-100 kunye ne-200 mSv: ama-50 okanye ama-100 amaxesha abekiweyo.
Amanyathelo emva kokuxela ukukhulelwa
Ukuze ukhusele ngokwaneleyo usana olungekazalwa, kubalulekile ukuba umsebenzi okhulelweyo oveziweyo, nje ukuba aqonde ukuba ukhulelwe, alazise kumntu ophetheyo ngokhuseleko lwemitha kwiziko asebenza kulo nakumntu Ukuhlawuliswa kofakelo ngemitha, oluya kuthi luseke amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yangoku kunye nokuqinisekisa ukwenziwa komsebenzi wabo ukuze kungabeki mngcipheko kusana.
Ukuze ukwazi ukwenza yonke le milinganiselo, kuya kufuneka unikezele idosimeter ekhethekileyo yokujonga iidosi esiswini kunye novavanyo ngononophelo kwindawo osebenzela kuyo, ukuze amathuba eziganeko ngeedosi eziphezulu okanye ukufakwa kunganakwa.
Nawuphi na umfazi okhulelweyo osebenza kwindawo apho amathamo ngenxa yemitha yokukhanya eqinisekisa ukuba idosi ingagcinwa ngaphantsi kwe-1mSv, unokuziva ekhuselekile kwindawo yakhe yokusebenza ngalo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa. Umsebenzi okhulelweyo angaqhubeka nokusebenza kwisebe leX-ray, Logama nje kukho isiqinisekiso esifanelekileyo sokuba idosi engekazalwa inokugcinwa ngaphantsi kwe-1 mGy (1 msv) ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Ekutolikeni le ngcebiso, kubalulekile ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba abasetyhini abakhulelweyo abaxhomekekanga kucalulo olungeyomfuneko. Kukho uxanduva lomsebenzi kunye nomqeshi. Uxanduva lokuqala lokukhusela umbungu luyahambelana nalo mfazi uqobo, ekufuneka axele ukuba ukhulelwe kulawulo nje ukuba imeko iqinisekisiwe.
Ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo zithathwe kwi-ICRP 84:
- Ukuthintelwa kwedosi akuthethi ukuba kunyanzelekile ukuba abafazi abakhulelweyo baphephe ukusebenza ngemitha okanye ngezinto ezinemitha ye-radio ngokupheleleyo, okanye kufuneka bathintelwe ukuba bangene okanye basebenze kwiindawo ezichaziweyo zemitha. Kuthetha ukuba umqeshi kufuneka aqwalasele ngononophelo iimeko zokuvezwa kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Ngokukodwa, iimeko zabo zokusebenza kufuneka zibenokuthi amathuba okuba ngedosi ephezulu ngengozi kunye nokutya kwe-radionuclide kuthathwe kancinci.
- Xa umsebenzi we-radiation wezonyango esazi ukuba ukhulelwe, kukho iindlela ezintathu eziqwalaselwa rhoqo kwiindawo zoncedo ngemitha: 1) akukho tshintsho kwimisebenzi eyabelweyo, 2) tshintshela kwenye indawo apho ukubonakaliswa yimitha kunokuba kuncinci, okanye 3) tshintshela emsebenzini ongenakubonakaliswa lilanga. Akukho mpendulo ichanekileyo kuzo zonke iimeko, kwaye kwamanye amazwe kusenokubakho nemigaqo ethile. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba nengxoxo nomsebenzi. Umsebenzi kufuneka aziswe ngomngcipheko onokubakho, kunye nemida yethamo ekhuthazwayo.
- Ukutshintshela emsebenzini apho kungekho kuvezwa kwemitha ngamanye amaxesha kubuzwa kubasebenzi abakhulelweyo abayiqondayo into yokuba ingozi inokuba ncinane, kodwa abafuni kwamkela nawuphina umngcipheko owandileyo. Umqeshi angabuphepha ubunzima kwixa elizayo xa kunokwenzeka ukuba umsebenzi womntwana onokuzalwa okungaqhelekanga (oku kwenzeka kwinqanaba elimalunga nokuzalwa oku-3 kwabali-100 lokuzalwa). Le ndlela ayimfuneko kwisigqibo sokukhusela imitha, kwaye kuyacaca ukuba kuxhomekeke ekubeni iziko likhulu ngokwaneleyo kunye nokuba lula ukuzalisa indawo engenamntu.
- Ukutshintshela kwiPosition ngokubonakaliswa okungathathintsi kokusingqongileyo nako kunokwenzeka. Kwi-radiodiagnosis, oku kunokubandakanya ukuhambisa ingcali ye-fluoroscopy iye kwigumbi le-CT okanye kwenye indawo apho kukho imitha esasazeke kancinci kubasebenzi. Kumasebe amayeza enyukliya, itekhnoloji ekhulelweyo inokuthintelwa ekuchitheni ixesha elininzi kwi-radiopharmacy okanye ekusebenzeni nezisombululo ze-iodine. Unyango lwe-radiation olunemithombo etywiniweyo, abongikazi abakhulelweyo okanye oochwephesha abanakuthatha inxaxheba kwincwadana ye-brachytherapy.
- Ukuqwalaselwa kokuziphatha kubandakanya ezinye iindlela ekuya kufuneka ukuba omnye umsebenzi afumane ukongezwa kwemitha xa umntu asebenza naye ekhulelwe kwaye ingekho enye indlela enokubakho.
- Zininzi iimeko apho umsebenzi afuna ukuqhubeka nokwenza umsebenzi ofanayo, okanye umqeshi angaxhomekeka kuwo ukuba aqhubeke nomsebenzi ofanayo ukuze kugcinwe inqanaba lokhathalelo lwezigulana oluhlala lukwazi ukubonelela emsebenzini. iyunithi yomsebenzi Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ukhuselo lwemitha, oku kwamkeleka ngokugqibeleleyo ukuba idosi engekazalwa inokuqikelelwa ngokuchaneka ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ingaphakathi komda ocetyiswayo wethamo lomntwana emva kokukhulelwa. Kuya kuba sengqiqweni ukuvavanya imeko yokusebenza ukuze unikeze isiqinisekiso sokuba amathamo aphezulu ngengozi awanakulindeleka.
- Umda wethamo ekucetyiswa ukuba usebenze kwidosi engekazalwa kwaye ayithelekiseki ngokuthe ngqo nedosi elinganiswa nedosi yomntu. Idosi yedayimeter esetyenziswa ngabasebenzi bokuxilonga i-radiology inokugqitha kwidosi yomntwana ngeshumi okanye nangaphezulu. Ukuba i-dosimeter isetyenzisiwe ngaphandle kwefaskoti ekhokelayo, idosi elinganisiweyo inokuba iphantse ibe li-100 ngaphezulu kwethamo lomntwana. Amayeza enyukliya kunye nonyango lwemitha abasebenzi abanxibi iiapron zelothe kwaye bavezwa kumandla aphezulu eephoton. Ngaphandle koku, iidosi ezingekazalwa zomntwana azinakugqitha kwiipesenti ezingama-25 zomlinganiso wedosi yakho.
Izalathiso:
- Abasebenzi bekliniki yaseMayo. (2018). Uvavanyo lwamazinyo.
mayoclinic.com/health/dental-exam/MY01097 - Iindidi ze-x-ray zamazinyo. (2015).
my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatment_and_procedures/hic_Dental_Check-up/hic_Types_of_Dental_X-rays - Ukukhulelwa kunye nokuzalwa: Ii-Epidurals kunye neentlungu zokuthomalalisa iintlungu zabasebenzi. (2018).
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279567/ - Abahambi abakhulelweyo. (2017).
wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/pregnant-travellers
Iziqulatho
- Imisebenzi yasekhaya
- Imithwalo yomzimba okanye iinzame
- Iziphumo zeRadiation Ionizing
- Ithamo
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