Ukutyala imali esitokisini yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwandisa ubutyebi. Kubatyalomali bexesha elide, amasheya atyalo-mali olulungileyo nakumaxesha okurhabaxa kweemarike- ukuhla kwemarike yemasheya kuthetha nje ukuba izitokhwe ezininzi ziyathengiswa.
Enye yeendlela eziphambili zabaqalayo ukuqala ukutyala imali kwimarike yemasheya kukufaka imali kwiakhawunti yotyalo-mali kwi-Intanethi, enokuthi isetyenziselwe ukuthenga amasheya okanye Mutual fund yezenzo. Ngabarhwebi abaninzi kwi-Intanethi, ungaqala ukwenza imali ngexabiso lesabelo esinye.
Indlela yokutyala imali kwimarike yemasheya yaseMelika
Nantsi indlela yokutyala imali kwizitokhwe ngamanyathelo amathandathu:
1.Yenza isigqibo malunga nendlela ofuna ukutyala imali ngayo
Zininzi iindlela zokwenza utyalomali kwizabelo. Khetha ukhetho olungezantsi olumele eyona ndlela ufuna ukutyala ngayo kunye nendlela obungathanda ukuba yiyo ekukhetheni isitokhwe otyale imali kuso.
Ndiyindidi ye-DIY kwaye ndinomdla wokukhetha isitokhwe kunye nemali yesitokhwe. Qhubeka ufunda; Eli nqaku lijonga izinto ekufuneka zenziwe ngabatyali mali, kubandakanya indlela yokukhetha iakhawunti efanelekileyo yezidingo zabo kunye nendlela yokuthelekisa utyalo mali.
Ndiyazi ukuba isitokhwe sinokuba lolona tyalo mali lukhulu, kodwa ndingathanda ukuba umntu andiphathele le nkqubo. Unokuba ngumgqatswa olungileyo we-robo-advisor, inkonzo ebonelela ngexabiso eliphantsi kulawulo lotyalo-mali. Phantse zonke iifemu ezinkulu zabarhwebi zibonelela ngezi nkonzo, ukutyala imali yakho ngokusekwe kwiinjongo zakho ezithile.
Nje ukuba ukhethe engqondweni, ukulungele ukuthenga iakhawunti.
2. Khetha iakhawunti yotyalo-mali
Ngokubanzi, ukutyala imali esitokisini, udinga iakhawunti yotyalo-mali. Kwiintlobo ezibonakalayo, oku kuhlala kuthetha ukuba yiakhawunti yomrhwebi. Kwabo bafuna uncedo oluncinci, vula iakhawunti nge Umcebisi we-robo lukhetho olusengqiqweni. Siphula zombini iinkqubo ezingezantsi.
Inqaku elibalulekileyo: bobabini abathengisi kunye nabacebisi be robo bayakuvumela ukuba uvule iakhawunti ngemali encinci kakhulu.
UKHETHO LWE-DIY: VULA I-AKHAWUNTI YOKUQHEKA
Iakhawunti yomrhwebi ekwi-Intanethi mhlawumbi inikezela ngendlela yakho ekhawulezayo kunye neyona inexabiso eliphantsi yokuthenga amasheya, iimali kunye nolunye utyalomali. Ngomthengisi, unokuvula iakhawunti yomhlala phantsi, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi YIYA E , okanye ungavula iakhawunti yokurhweba ngomrhumo ukuba sele ugcina ngokwaneleyo umhlalaphantsi kwenye indawo.
Uya kufuna ukuvavanya abathengisi ngokubhekisele kwizinto ezinje ngeendleko (iikhomishini zorhwebo, iifizi zeakhawunti), ukhetho lotyalo-mali (jonga ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwee-ETFs zekhomishini ukuba ukhetha imali), kunye nophando lwabatyali mali kunye nezixhobo.
UKHETHO OLUPHELELEYO: VULA iakhawunti ye-ROBO-ADVISOR
Umcebisi we-robo ubonelela ngezibonelelo zokutyala imali esitokisini, kodwa akafuni ukuba umniniyo enze isiseko esifanelekileyo sokukhetha utyalomali lomntu ngamnye. Iinkonzo zokucebisa ngeRobo zibonelela ngolawulo lotyalo mali olupheleleyo -Ezi nkampani ziya kukubuza malunga neenjongo zakho zotyalo-mali ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhwela kwaye emva koko bakwenzele iphothifoliyo eyilelwe ukufezekisa ezo njongo.
Oku kunokuvakala kubiza, kodwa iifizi zolawulo apha ngokubanzi liqhezu leendleko zento eziza kuhlawuliswa ngumphathi wotyalo-mali- uninzi lwabacebisi ngeerobbo babiza malunga ne-0.25% yemali eseleyo kwiakhawunti yakho. Kwaye unokufumana i-IRA kwi-robo-advisor if you want.
Njengebhonasi, ukuba uvula iakhawunti nge-robo-advisor, ngekhe ufune ukufunda ngakumbi kweli nqaku; ezinye zenzelwe ezo ntlobo ze-DIY.
3. Wazi umahluko phakathi kwestokhwe kunye nemali yesitokhwe.
Ukuya kwindlela ye-DIY? Sukubanexhala. Ukutshala imali kwizitokhwe akufuneki kube nzima. Uninzi lwabantu, ukutyala imali kwimarike yemasheya kuthetha ukukhetha phakathi kwezi Iindidi ezimbini zotyalo-mali:
Iimali ezihlangeneyo zesitokhwe okanye iimali ezithengiswayo. Imali ehlanganyelanayo ikuvumela ukuba uthenge amaqhekeza amancinci ezitokhwe ezahlukeneyo kwintengiselwano enye. Iimali zesalathiso kunye nee-ETFs ziluhlobo lwengxowa mali efanayo elandelela isalathiso; umzekelo, ingxowa-mali ye Umgangatho kunye namahlwempu ngama-500 Iphinda isalathiso ngokuthenga izabelo zeenkampani ezizenzileyo. Xa utyala imali kwingxowa-mali, unamalungu amancinci enkampani nganye. Ungadibanisa imali ezininzi ukwakha iphothifoliyo eyahlukeneyo. Qaphela ukuba iimali ezihlangeneyo zesitokhwe ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba yimali yokuhlangana.
Izenzo zomntu ngamnye. Ukuba ufuna inkampani ethile, ungathenga isitokhwe esinye okanye izitokhwe ezimbalwa njengendlela yokuntywila emanzini okuthengisa isitokhwe. Kuyenzeka ukuba wakhe iphothifoliyo eyahlukeneyo ukusuka kwisitokhwe ngasinye, kodwa kufuna utyalomali olubalulekileyo.
Uncedo lwezezimali ezihlangeneyo zesitokhwe kukuba zahlukile ngokwendalo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko. Uninzi lwabatyali zimali, ngakumbi abo batyala imali kumhlalaphantsi wabo, iphothifoliyo eyenziwe ikakhulu yimali ezihlangeneyo lukhetho olucacileyo.
Kodwa iimali ezihlangeneyo azinakwenzeka ukuba zihlangane njengoko ezinye izitokisi zingenza. Uncedo lwesitokhwe ngasinye kukuba ukhetho oluhle lunokuhlawula, kodwa amathuba okuba nasiphi na isitokhwe esinye esiya kukwenza ube sisityebi sincinci kakhulu.
4. Misela uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lotyalo-mali lwakho esitokhweni
Abatyalomali abatsha bahlala benemibuzo emibini kweli nyathelo lenkqubo:
Yimalini endiyidingayo ukuqala ukwenza utyalomali kwisitokhwe? Isixa semali osifunayo ukuthenga isabelo ngasinye sixhomekeke kwindlela ezibiza ngayo izabelo. (Amaxabiso eSitokhwe anokuvela kwiidola ezimbalwa ukuya kwezimbalwa amawaka Iidola). Ukuba ufuna imali kunye kwaye uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali oluncinci, ingxowa-mali yokurhweba ngokutshintshiselana (ETF) inokuba yeyona nto unokukhetha kuyo. Iimali ezihlangeneyo zihlala zine- $ 1,000 okanye ngaphezulu, kodwa ii-ETF zithengisa njengesabelo, oko kuthetha ukuba uzithenga ngexabiso lesabelo esinye (kwezinye iimeko, ngaphantsi kwe- $ 100).
Yimalini ekufuneka ndiyityale esitokisini? Ukuba utyala imali ngengxowa-mali, ngaba siye sathetha ukuba le yeyona nto ikhethwayo ngabacebisi abaninzi bezezimali? -Ungaba isahlulo esikhulu kakhulu sepotifoliyo yakho kwii-equity fund, ngakumbi ukuba unexesha elide. Umntu oneminyaka engama-30 otyala imali yomhlala-phantsi unokuba neepesenti ezingama-80 zepotfoliyo yakhe kwimali yesitokhwe; enye iya kuba yimali yebhondi. Izenzo zomntu ngamnye libali elinye. Umgaqo ngokubanzi wesithupha kukuwagcina kwinxalenye encinci yepotifoliyo yakho yotyalo-mali.
5. Gxila kwixesha elide
Ukutyalomali esitokisini kugcwele izicwangciso ezinobuchule kunye neendlela, kodwa abanye babatyali mali abaphumeleleyo benze okungaphezulu kokunamathela kwiziseko. Oko kuthetha ukuba kuthetha ukusebenzisa imali kuninzi lweepotifoliyo yakho: UWarren Buffett uthe i-index ye-S & P 500 yexabiso eliphantsi lolona tyalo mali lubalaseleyo lunokwenziwa ngabantu abaninzi baseMelika, bekhetha isitokhwe ngasinye kuphela ukuba uyakholelwa kwinkampani yexesha elide. Nyusa.
Into efanelekileyo yokwenza emva kokuba uqale utyalo-mali kwi-stocks okanye kwi-mutual fund kunokuba nzima kunabo bonke - musa ukuwajonga. Ngaphandle kokuba uzama ukubetha iingxaki kwaye uphumelele kwintengiso yemini, kulungile ukunqanda umkhwa wokunyanzelwa ukuba ujonge isitokhwe sakho amaxesha ngamaxesha ngemini, yonke imihla.
6. Lawula ipotifoliyo yakho kwistokhwe
Ngelixa ukhathazeka malunga nokuhla nokutshintsha kwemihla ngemihla akunakwenza lukhulu kwimpilo yakho, okanye eyakho, kunjalo kuyakubakho amaxesha apho kuya kufuneka ujonge isitokhwe sakho okanye olunye utyalomali.
Ukuba ulandela la manyathelo angentla ukuthenga iimali ezihlangeneyo kunye nesitokhwe ngasinye ixesha elingaphezulu, uya kufuna ukuphinda ujonge iphothifoliyo yakho amatyeli aliqela ngonyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyahambelana neenjongo zakho zotyalo-mali.
Ezinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe: Ukuba sele usondele kumhlala phantsi, unokufuna ukuhambisa ezinye zotyalo-mali lwakho kwi-equity kutyalo-mali olugcinekileyo olugcinekileyo. Ukuba iphothifoliyo yakho inesisindo kakhulu kwicandelo elinye okanye kumzi-mveliso, cinga ukuthenga amasheya okanye iimali kwicandelo elahlukileyo lokwahlukahlukana. Okokugqibela, nikela ingqalelo kukwahluka ngokwendawo. UVanguard ucebisa ukuba izitokhwe zamanye amazwe zimele ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-40 zesitokhwe kwiphothifoliyo yakho. Ungathenga iimali zamanye amazwe zesitokhwe ukufumana oku kutyhilwa.
Ingcebiso: Ukuba uhendelwa ukuba uvule i-akhawunti yomrhwebi kodwa ufuna ingcebiso engakumbi ekukhetheni eyiyo, jonga ukujikeleza kwethu kwangoku kwabarhwebi abaphambili kubatyali mali. Thelekisa ii-brokerage ezikwi-intanethi zanamhlanje kuzo zonke iimetriki ezibaluleke kakhulu kubatyali mali: iikhomishini, ukhetho lotyalo mali, ezona zilinganiso zisezantsi zokuvula, kunye nezixhobo zotyalo mali kunye nezixhobo.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga notyalo mali kwizitokhwe
Ngaba unazo naziphi na iingcebiso ngokutyala imali kwabaqalayo?
Zonke ezi zikhokelo zingasentla kutyalo-mali kwisitokhwe zijolise kubatyali mali abatsha. Kodwa ukuba kuye kwafuneka sikhethe into enye yokuthetha kubo bonke abatyali mali, kuya kuba yile: Ukutyala imali akukho nzima, okanye kunzima, njengoko kuvakala.
Kungenxa yokuba zininzi izixhobo ezikhoyo zokukunceda. Enye yezona zinto zilungileyo yimali ehlanganyelweyo, eziyindlela elula kwaye engabizi kakhulu kubaqalayo yokutyala imali kwimarike yemasheya. Ezi mali ziyafumaneka kwi-401 (k) yakho, i-IRA, okanye nayiphi na iakhawunti yokurhafisa. Ingxowa-mali ye-S & P 500, ekuthengela ngokufanelekileyo ubuncinci bobunini kwii-500 zeenkampani ezinkulu zaseMelika, yindawo elungileyo yokuqala.
Olunye ukhetho, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, ngumcebisi nge-robo, eya kuthi ikwenzele ilawule iphothifoliyo yakho ngentlawulo encinci.
Amaqokobhe enathi: Zininzi iindlela zokutyala imali kubaqalayo, ngaphandle kwesidingo solwazi oluphambili.
Ngaba ndingatyala imali ukuba andinayo imali eninzi?
Kukho imiceli mngeni emibini yokutyala imali encinci. Iindaba ezimnandi? Zombini zoyiswa ngokulula.
Umceli mngeni wokuqala kukuba uninzi lotyalomali lufuna ubuncinci. Okwesibini kukuba kunzima ukwahlula imali encinci. Ukwahluka, ngokwemvelo, kubandakanya ukusasaza imali yakho. Imali encinci onayo, kuya kusiba nzima ukuyaba.
Isisombululo sabo bobabini kukutyala imali kwi-equity index index nakwi-ETFs. Nangona iimali ezihlangeneyo zingadinga ubuncinci beedola ezili-1 000 okanye ngaphezulu, ubuncinci beengxowa-mali zenkxaso-mali zihlala ziphantsi (kwaye ii-ETF zithengwa ngexabiso lentengo elingaphantsi). Abarhwebi ababini, iFidelity kunye noCharles Schwab, banikezela ngenkcazo yemali ngaphandle kwezona zincinci. Iimali zesalathiso zisombulula ingxaki yokwahluka kuba zinamasheya amaninzi ngaphakathi kwengxowa enye.
Into yokugqibela esiza kuyithetha ngale nto: Utyalo-mali ngumdlalo wexesha elide, ke akufuneki utyale imali onokuyifuna kwixesha elifutshane. Oko kubandakanya umqamelo wemali kaxakeka.
Ngaba isitokhwe lutyalomali olulungileyo kubaqalayo?
Ewe, okoko nje ukhululekile ukushiya imali yakho ityalwe ubuncinci iminyaka emihlanu. Kutheni iminyaka emihlanu? Kungenxa yokuba kunqabile kwimarike yesitokhwe ukufumana uqoqosho oluhlala ixesha elide kunelo.
Kodwa endaweni yokuthengisa izitokhwe ezizodwa, gxila kwimali yokuthenga kunye. Ngeemali ezihlangeneyo, ungathenga ukhetho olukhulu lwestokhwe ngaphakathi kwengxowa mali.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwakha iphothifoliyo eyahlukeneyo kwisitokhwe ngasinye? Kanjalo. Kodwa ukwenza njalo kungathatha ixesha elide - kuthatha uphando oluninzi kunye nolwazi ukulawula iphothifoliyo. Iimali zeMali ezihlangeneyo, kubandakanywa iimali zenkcazo kunye nee-ETF, zenzele loo msebenzi.
Loluphi olona tyalo mali lubalaseleyo kwimarike yemasheya?
Ngokoluvo lwethu, olona tyalo mali lubalaseleyo kwimarike yemasheya zihlala zixabiso eliphantsi kwiimali ezihlangeneyo, ezinje ngeemali zesalathiso kunye nee-ETFs. Ngokuthenga ezi endaweni yeesitokhwe ezizodwa, ungathenga isiqwenga esikhulu semarike yemasheya kwintengiselwano enye.
Iimali zesalathiso kunye nee-ETF zilandela isalathiso somzekelo, umzekelo i-S & P 500 okanye i-Dow Jones Industrial Average, oko kuthetha ukuba ukusebenza kwengxowa-mali yakho kuya kubonisa ukusebenza kwesalathiso somgangatho. Ukuba utyalomali kwingxowa-mali ye-S & P 500 kwaye i-S & P 500 inyukile, notyalo mali lwakho luya kuba njalo.
Oko kuthetha ukuba ayizukubetha imarike, kodwa ikwathetha ukuba intengiso ayizukubetha. Abatyalomali abathengisa isitokhwe ngasinye endaweni yeemali bahlala beqhuba iimarike ixesha elide.
Ndifanele ndenze njani isigqibo sokuba ndizokuyityala phi imali?
Impendulo yendawo otyala kuyo imali ihla iye kuthi ga kwizinto ezimbini: elona xesha lokufikelela kwiinjongo zakho kwaye ungakanani umngcipheko ozimisele ukuwuthatha.
Masijongane nexesha lokuqala: Ukuba utyala imali kwiinjongo ezikude, njengomhlala-phantsi, kufuneka utyale imali ikakhulu kwizitokhwe (kwakhona, sicebisa ukuba sikwenze oku ngokusebenzisana kwemali).
Ukutyala imali esitokisini kuyakuvumela imali yakho ukuba ikhule kwaye ibethe ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngokuhamba kwexesha. Njengokuba usondela usukelo lwakho, ungaqala kancinci ukunciphisa ulwabiwo lwezabelo zakho kwaye ungeze iibhondi ezingaphezulu, ezo zikhuselekileyo kutyalo mali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba utyalomali ngenjongo yexesha elifutshane, ngaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu, mhlawumbi awufuni kutyala imali esitokisini konke konke. Endaweni yoko, jonga olu tyalo-mali lwexesha elifutshane.
Okokugqibela, enye into: unyamezelo lomngcipheko. Imarike yemasheya inyuka isihla, kwaye ukuba unomdla wokoyika xa isenza le yokugqibela, kungcono ukuba utyale imali ngokuthe kratya, ngolwabiwo olukhaphukhaphu kwisitokhwe.
Zeziphi iimpahla endifanele ukutyala imali kuzo?
Bonisa ingxelo ephukileyo: Ingcebiso yethu kukutyala imali kwisitokhwe esininzi ngengxowa mali mutual, ingxowa mali yesalathiso, okanye i-ETF- umzekelo, ingxowa-mali yenkcazo ye-S & P 500 ephethe zonke i-S & P 500 stocks.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukuvuya kwesitokhwe emva kwakho, oko ngekhe kusebenze. Ungayikrweca loo nto ityiweyo kwaye ugcine ihempe yakho ngokuzinikela nge-10% okanye ngaphantsi kwiphothifoliyo yakho kwisitokhwe ngasinye. Eyiphi? Uluhlu lwethu olupheleleyo lwezona sitokhwe zibalaseleyo, ngokusekwe kwintsebenzo yangoku, zinemibono ethile.
Ngaba ukuThengiswa kweZitokhwe kwabaQalayo?
Ngelixa izitokhwe zilungile kubatyali mali abaninzi abaqala, isahlulo sokurhweba sesi sicelo mhlawumbi asiyiyo. Mhlawumbi sele siliqondile eli nqanaba, kodwa ukuphinda-phinda: sicebisa kakhulu ukuba ubambe kwaye ubambe iqhinga usebenzisa imali yesitokhwe.
Yiyo leyo echasene ngokuthe ngqo nokuthengiswa kwesitokhwe, okufuna ukuzinikela kunye nophando oluninzi. Abathengisi bempahla bazama ukuthengisa ixesha lokuthengisa ngamathuba okuthenga ephantsi kwaye bathengise phezulu.
Ukucaca: Injongo yakhe nawuphi na umtyali mali kukuthenga ephantsi kwaye athengise phezulu. Kodwa imbali isixelela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze njalo ukuba ugcina utyalomali olwahlukeneyo, olunjengengxowa mali, ixesha elide. Ukurhweba okusebenzayo akufuneki.
Iziqulatho
- Indlela yokutyala imali kwimarike yemasheya yaseMelika
- 1.Yenza isigqibo malunga nendlela ofuna ukutyala imali ngayo
- 2. Khetha iakhawunti yotyalo-mali
- UKHETHO LWE-DIY: VULA I-AKHAWUNTI YOKUQHEKA
- UKHETHO OLUPHELELEYO: VULA iakhawunti ye-ROBO-ADVISOR
- 3. Wazi umahluko phakathi kwestokhwe kunye nengxowa mali efanayo.
- 4. Misela uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lotyalo-mali lwakho esitokhweni
- 5. Gxila kwixesha elide
- 6. Lawula ipotifoliyo yakho kwistokhwe
- Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga notyalo mali kwizitokhwe
- Ngaba unazo naziphi na iingcebiso ngokutyala imali kwabaqalayo?
- Ngaba ndingatyala imali ukuba andinayo imali eninzi?
- Ngaba isitokhwe lutyalomali olulungileyo kubaqalayo?
- Loluphi olona tyalo mali lubalaseleyo kwimarike yemasheya?
- Ndifanele ndenze njani isigqibo sokuba ndizokuyityala phi imali?
- Zeziphi iimpahla endifanele ukutyala imali kuzo?
- Ngaba ukuThengiswa kweZitokhwe kwabaQalayo?