Bonke abavangeli abane babhala ngokufa kukaYesu emnqamlezweni eBhayibhileni. Ukufa emnqamlezweni yayingeyondlela yamaJuda yokubulala abantu. AmaRoma ayemgwebele ukufa uYesu emnqamlezweni ngokunyanzelwa ziinkokheli zamaJuda ezaziphembelela abantu.
Ukufa emnqamlezweni kukufa okucothayo kwaye kubuhlungu. Kwimibhalo yabashumayeli neeleta zikampostile uPawulos, umnqamlezo ufumana intsingiselo yezakwalizwi. Ngokufa kukaYesu emnqamlezweni, abalandeli bakhe bakhululwa kwintonga yesono.
Umnqamlezo njengesohlwayo kumaxesha amandulo
Ukusetyenziswa komnqamlezo njengokubulawa kwabantu abagwetyelwe ukufa kususela kwixesha lobukhosi basePersi. Apho izaphuli-mthetho zabethelelwa emnqamlezweni okokuqala. Isizathu soku yayikukuba bafuna ukuthintela isidumbu ukuba singangcolisi umhlaba onikezelwe kuthixo.
Ukudlula kumoyisi ongumGrike uAlexander oMkhulu kunye nabalandela emva kwakhe, umnqamlezo wawuza kuthi chu ungene ngasentshona. Phambi kokuqala kwexesha langoku, abantu baseGrisi naseRoma bagwetyelwa ukufa emnqamlezweni.
Umnqamlezo njengesohlwayo samakhoboka
KumaGrike nakubukumkani baseRoma, ukufa emnqamlezweni ubukhulu becala kwakusenziwa kumakhoboka. Umzekelo, ukuba ikhoboka alizange liyithobele inkosi yalo okanye ukuba ikhoboka lizama ukubaleka, lalizibeka emngciphekweni wokugwetyelwa umnqamlezo. Umnqamlezo wawusetyenziswa rhoqo ngamaRoma kwimvukelo yamakhoboka. Yayingumqobo.
Umzekelo, umbhali waseRoma nesithandi sobulumko uCicero, uthi ukufa emnqamlezweni kufuneka kubonwe njengokufa okukhohlakeleyo okukhohlakeleyo. Ngokwababhali-mbali baseRoma, amaRoma bohlwaye imvukelo yamakhoboka akhokelwa nguSpartacus ngokubethelela amawaka amathandathu abavukeli. Iminqamlezo yayimi kwi-Via Agrippa ukusuka eCapua ukuya eRoma kwiikhilomitha ezininzi.
Umnqamlezo ayisosisohlwayo samaJuda
KwiTestamente eNdala, ibhayibhile yamaJuda, umnqamlezo awukhankanywanga njengendlela yokugweba izaphuli-mthetho ukuba zibulawe. Amagama anjengomnqamlezo okanye ukubethelelwa akwenzeki kwiTestamente eNdala kwaphela. Abantu bathetha ngendlela eyahlukileyo yokugweba ukuphela. Indlela eqhelekileyo kumaYuda ngamaxesha okubhalwa kweBhayibhile yokubulala umntu yayikukuxulutywa ngamatye.
Kukho imithetho eyahlukeneyo yokuxulutywa ngamatye kwemithetho kaMoses. Bobabini abantu kunye nezilwanyana banokubulawa ngokuxulutywa ngamatye. Kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ngokwenkolo, ezinje ngokubiza imimoya (iLevitikus 20:27) okanye ukubingelela ngabantwana (iLevitikus 20: 1), okanye ukukrexeza (iLevitikus 20:10) okanye ukubulala, umntu wayenokugityiselwa ngamatye.
Ukubethelelwa emnqamlezweni ezweni lakwaSirayeli
Ukugwetywa kwamabanjwa kwaba sisijeziso esihlangeneyo kwilizwe lamaJuda emva kokufika komlawuli waseRoma ngo-63 BC. Mhlawumbi kwabakho ukubethelelwa emnqamlezweni kwaSirayeli ngaphambili. Umzekelo, kuyakhankanywa ukuba ngonyaka we-100 BC, inkosi yamaJuda u-Alexander Jannaeus wabulala amakhulukhulu abavukeli bama Yuda emnqamlezweni eJerusalem. Ngexesha lamaRoma, umbhali-mbali ongumJuda uFlavius Josephus ubhala malunga nokubethelelwa emnqamlezweni kwamajoni omkhosi wamaJuda.
Intsingiselo yomfuziselo yomnqamlezo kwilizwe lamaRoma
AmaRoma oyisa umhlaba omkhulu ngexesha likaYesu. Kuwo wonke loo mmandla, umnqamlezo wawumela ulawulo lweRoma. Umnqamlezo wawuthetha ukuba amaRoma ayephethe kwaye nabani na oma endleleni yakhe uyakutshatyalaliswa ngabo ngendlela engendawo. KumaJuda, ukubethelelwa emnqamlezweni kukaYesu kuthetha ukuba ngekhe abe nguMesiya, umsindisi olindelweyo. UMesiya wayeza kuzisa uxolo ku-Israyeli, kwaye umnqamlezo waqinisekisa amandla kunye nolawulo oluqhubekayo lweRoma.
Ukubethelelwa emnqamlezweni kukaYesu
Iincwadi ezine zevangeli zichaza indlela uYesu abethelelwe ngayo (Mateyu 27: 26-50; Marko 15: 15-37; uLuka 23: 25-46; uYohane 19: 1-34). Ezi nkcazo zihambelana neenkcazo zokubethelelwa emithonjeni yemithombo engeyiyo eyeBhayibhile. Abavangeli bayichaza indlela ahlekwa ngayo ekuhleni. Iimpahla zakhe zikhululwe kuye. Emva koko unyanzelwa ngamajoni amaRoma ukuba athwale umnqamlezo ( umthi wokuxhoma ) Kwipleyiti yokuphumeza.
Umnqamlezo wawunepali kunye nepali enqamlezileyo ( umthi wokuxhoma ). Ekuqaleni kokubethelelwa emnqamlezweni, ipali yayisele imile. Umntu ogwetyiweyo wabethelelwa emnqamlezweni ngezandla zakhe okanye wabotshwa ngeentambo ezomeleleyo. Inqamlezo elinomntu ogwetyiweyo emva koko latsalwa laya phezulu kwisithuba esinyusiweyo. Umntu obethelelweyo ekugqibeleni wasweleka ngenxa yokuphuma kwegazi, ukudinwa, okanye ukufuthanisela. UYesu wasweleka emnqamlezweni kwangoko.
Intsingiselo yomfuziselo yomnqamlezo kaYesu
Umnqamlezo unentsingiselo ebalulekileyo kumaKristu. Abantu abaninzi banqumleza okwexeshana kwityathanga elijikeleze intamo. Iminqamlezo inokubonwa nasezicaweni nakwiinqaba zecawe njengophawu lokholo. Ngandlel 'ithile, kunokuthiwa umnqamlezo ubeluphawu olushwankathelayo lokholo lobuKristu.
Intsingiselo yomnqamlezo kwiincwadi zevangeli
Ngamnye wabavangeli abane ubhala ngokufa kukaYesu emnqamlezweni. Ngaloo ndlela wonke umvangeli, uMateyu, uMarko, uLuka, noJohn bazibekela iindlela zabo zokuthetha. Ke kukho umahluko ngentsingiselo kunye nokutolika umnqamlezo phakathi kwabavangeli.
Umnqamlezo kuMateyu njengenzaliseko yeZibhalo
UMateyu wabhala iindaba ezilungileyo zebandla lamaJuda-lamaKristu. Uchaza ibali lokubandezeleka ngokweenkcukacha kunoMarcus. Ukoneliseka kwezibhalo ngumxholo ophambili kuMateyu. UYesu wamkela umnqamlezo wentando yakhe (Mat. 26: 53-54), ukubandezeleka kwakhe akunanto yakwenza netyala (Mat. 27: 4, 19, 24-25), kodwa yonke into inenzaliseko yezibhalo ( 26:54; 27: 3-10). Umzekelo, uMateyu ubonisa abafundi abangamaJuda ukuba uMesiya umelwe kukuva ubunzima kwaye afe.
Umnqamlezo kunye noMarcus, ubhadlile kwaye unethemba
UMarko uchaza ukufa kukaYesu emnqamlezweni ngendlela eyomileyo kodwa engena kakhulu. Ngokukhala kwakhe emnqamlezweni, Thixo wam, Thixo wam, undishiyele ntoni (uMarko 15: 34) ibonisa uYesu kungekuphela kokuphelelwa lithemba kodwa kwanethemba. Kuba la magama asisiqalo seNdumiso 22. Le Ndumiso ngumthandazo apho ikholwa lingathethi nje kuphela ngentlungu yalo, kodwa kwanentembelo yokuba uThixo uya kumsindisa: ubuso bakhe abuzange bumfihlele, kodwa weva xa ekhala. yena (INdumiso 22:25).
Umnqamlezo noLuka bayalandela
Kwintshumayelo yakhe, uLuka wathetha neqela lamaKristu awayetshutshiswa, ecinezelwa, kwaye ekrokrelwa ngamaqela ama Yuda. Incwadi yeZenzo, icandelo lesibini lemibhalo kaLuka, igcwele ngayo. ULuka ubeka uYesu njengofel 'ukholo ofanelekileyo. Ungumzekelo wamakholwa. Ubizo lukaYesu emnqamlezweni lingqina ukunikezela: Waza uYesu wadanduluka ngezwi elikhulu: Bawo, ndiwunikela ezandleni zakho umoya wam. KwiZenzo, uLuka ubonisa ukuba ikholwa lilandela lo mzekelo. UStefano uyadanduluka xa, ngenxa yobungqina bakhe, exulutywa ngamatye: Nkosi Yesu, yamkela umoya wam (Izenzo 7:59).
Ukuphakama emnqamlezweni noYohane
Ngomvangeli uJohn, akukho nto ikhankanyiweyo yehlazo lomnqamlezo. UYesu akahambi ngendlela yokuthotywa, njengoko uPawulos, umzekelo, ebhalela ileta eya kwabaseFilipi (2: 8). UJohn ubona uphawu loloyiso emnqamlezweni kaYesu. Igospile yesine ichaza umnqamlezo ngokubekwa nokuphakanyiswa (Yohane 3:14; 8:28; 12: 32-34; 18:32). NgoYohane, umnqamlezo yindlela enyukayo, isithsaba sikaKristu.
Intsingiselo yomnqamlezo kwiileta zikaPawulos
Umpostile uPawulos ngokwakhe akazange akubone ukufa kukaYesu emnqamlezweni. Ukanti umnqamlezo luphawu olubalulekileyo kwimibhalo yakhe. Kwiileta awazibhalela amabandla ohlukeneyo nabantu, wangqina ngokubaluleka komnqamlezo kubomi bamakholwa. UPawulos ngokwakhe akazange oyike ukugwetywa umnqamlezo.
Njengommi waseRoma, wayekhuselwa koku ngumthetho. Njengommi waseRoma, umnqamlezo wawulihlazo kuye. Kwiileta zakhe, uPawulos ubiza umnqamlezo ngokuba lihlazo ( ihlazo ) nobuyatha: kodwa sishumayela uKrestu ebethelelwe emnqamlezweni, ubudenge kumaJuda, ubudenge kwiiNtlanga (1 kwabaseKorinte 1:23).
UPawulos uyavuma ukuba ukufa kukaKristu emnqamlezweni kuyahambelana nezibhalo (1 kwabaseKorinte 15: 3). Umnqamlezo awuyonto ihlazo eyintlekele, kodwa ngokweTestamente eNdala, yayiyindlela uThixo awayefuna ukuhamba noMesiya wakhe.
Umnqamlezo sisiseko sosindiso
UPawulos uwuchaza umnqamlezo kwiileta zakhe njengendlela yosindiso (1 Kor. 1: 18). Izono zixolelwe ngomnqamlezo kaKristu. … Ngokucima ubungqina obangqina ngokuchasene nathi nokusoyikisa ngemimiselo yakhe. Wenza loo nto ngokuyibethelela emnqamlezweni (Kol. 2:14). Ukubethelelwa emnqamlezweni kukaYesu lidini lesono. Wafa endaweni yaboni.
Amakholwa 'abethelelwe emnqamlezweni' kunye naye. Kwileta eya kwabaseRoma, uPawulos ubhala athi: Kuba siyazi ukuba umntu wethu omdala wabethelelwa emnqamlezweni, ukuze umzimba wakhe ususwe esonweni, nokuba singabi saba ngamakhoboka esono (Roma 6: 6). ). Okanye njengoko ebhalela ibandla lamaGalati: Ndibethelelwe emnqamlezweni noKristu; ndiyadla ubomi ke oko.
Imithombo kunye nezalathiso
- Ifoto yokwazisa: Iifoto ezisimahla , Pixabay
- A. Noordergraaf kunye nabanye (ed.). (2005). Isichazi-magama sabafundi beBhayibhile. Zoetermeer, iZiko leNcwadi.
- UCJ Den Heyer kunye noP. Schelling (2001). Iimpawu eBhayibhileni. Amagama neentsingiselo zawo. Zoetermeer: Meinema.
- UJ.Nieuwenhuis (2004). UJohn uMbonisi. Pheka: Iinkampu.
- J. Smit. (Ngo-1972). Ibali lokubandezeleka. Ku: R. Schippers, et al. (Umhl.). IBhayibhile. IBand V. Amsterdam: incwadi yeAmsterdam.
- T Wright (2010). Ndothuswa lithemba. UFraneker: Indlu yokupapasha kaVan Wijnen.
- Iingcaphuno zeBhayibhile kwi-NBG, ngo-1951
Iziqulatho
- Umnqamlezo njengesohlwayo kumaxesha amandulo
- Umnqamlezo njengesohlwayo samakhoboka
- Umnqamlezo ayisosisohlwayo samaJuda
- Ukubethelelwa emnqamlezweni ezweni lakwaSirayeli
- Intsingiselo yomfuziselo yomnqamlezo kwilizwe lamaRoma
- Ukubethelelwa emnqamlezweni kukaYesu
- Intsingiselo yomfuziselo yomnqamlezo kaYesu
- Intsingiselo yomnqamlezo kwiincwadi zevangeli
- Umnqamlezo kuMateyu njengenzaliseko yeZibhalo
- Umnqamlezo kunye noMarcus, ubhadlile kwaye unethemba
- Umnqamlezo noLuka bayalandela
- Ukuphakama emnqamlezweni noYohane
- Intsingiselo yomnqamlezo kwiileta zikaPawulos
- Umnqamlezo sisiseko sosindiso
- Imithombo kunye nezalathiso