Ilitye lesafire elithetha intsingiselo yeBhayibhile .
Isafire kuthetha inyaniso, ukuthembeka nokunyaniseka. Isafire ikwanxulunyaniswa nenkoliseko kaThixo. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yayingumbala osetyenziswa ngabefundisi ukubonisa ubudlelwane babo namazulu. KumaXesha Aphakathi, isafire imele umanyano lomfundisi kunye nesibhakabhaka, kwaye iisafire zazisemiseseni yoobhishophu. Ayengamatye ekhethwe ngookumkani. Isafire ikwangumqondiso wokuzinikela kuThixo.
UMGANGATHO
Ngokwentsomi, uMoses wafumana iMithetho Elishumi kwiibhodi zesafire, eyenza ilitye libe ngcwele kwaye limele inkoliseko kaThixo. AmaPersi amandulo ayekholelwa ukuba umhlaba uphumle kwisafire enkulu kwaye isibhakabhaka sinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yentsimbi leyo.
Neziseko zodonga lomzi zazihonjisiwe ngamatye onke axabisekileyo. Isiseko sokuqala sasiyiyaspisi; elesibini yisafire, elesithathu yikalikedo; elesine yiemeraldi; 20 eyesihlanu, isardi; elesithandathu, isardiyamu; elesixhenxe yikrizolite; elesibhozo ibheryl; yethoba, itopazi; eleshumi yikrizoprase; eleshumi elinanye yihakinto. eleshumi elinesibini, iamethiste. ISityhilelo 21: 19-20 .
I-SAPPHIRE: ILITYE LOBULUMKO
Ifuzisela ntoni isafire? .Isafire lelinye lawona matye abalulekileyo abalulekileyo emhlabeni kunye neyona intle ecaleni kwerubhi, idayimane kunye nelesmarado.
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Ultralite, ihlala ifumaneka kwiidipozithi ezityebileyo kwi-hematite, bauxite kunye ne-rutile. Umbala wayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungenxa yokwakheka kwayo kubandakanya ialuminium, titanium kunye nentsimbi.
Iisafire zinxulunyaniswa nokunyaniseka nokunyaniseka. Isafire ngokubanzi iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nangona kukho iipinki, tyheli kwaye imhlophe okanye iisafire ezingenambala. Yenziwe nge-aluminium oxide ebizwa ngokuba yi-corundum, yeyona minerali inzima emva kwendalo. I-corundum eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yisafire, ngelixa ebomvu iIrubhi.
IMBALI
I-Sanskrit sauriratna yaba ligama lesiHebhere elithi Sapphire = ezona zinto zintle. Iisafire zifumaneka kwihlabathi liphela, zinamatye anqabileyo akumgangatho ophezulu ovela eMyanmar okanye eBurma, e-Australia nase Mpuma mpuma Asia. Isafire yafunyanwa okokuqala e-United States ngo-1865. Indawo ejikeleze iYogo Gulch, eMontana, e-USA. Iyaziwa ngemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, yesafire ephezulu ekumgangatho ophezulu engadingi unyango lobushushu.
Umthombo oqinisekileyo weBlue Sapphire useCeylon, namhlanje yiSri Lanka, kukho owona mgodi mdala weSapphire. Ngokweminye imithombo, iSapphires zaseSri Lanka zazisele zaziwa ngenkulungwane ye-480 BC, kwaye kuthiwa uKumkani uSolomon wakhwela ukumkanikazi waseSaba ngokumnika iiSapphires zelo lizwe, ngakumbi ukusuka kummandla ojikeleze isixeko saseRatnapura Oko kuthetha ukuba isixeko samatye eSinhala.
IMIBALA YESAPPHIRE
Zininzi iintlobo zeesafire. Ngokwemibala yabo, baziwa ngokuba yisafire emnyama, isafire esahluliweyo, isafire eluhlaza kunye nesafire e-violet, njl.
Iisafire zeminye imibala zaziwa ngokuba ziifirefire fantasy.
- ISafire emhlophe: Eli litye lifanekisela ubulungisa, isimilo kunye nenkululeko.
- I-Parti Sapphire: Le Sapphire, efumaneka e-Australia, yindibaniselwano yemibala eliqela: luhlaza, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, tyheli kwaye kuyabonakala. Le Sapphire idibanisa iimpawu zazo zonke ezinye iiSafire. Iisafire zase-Australia zihlala zinezinto eziluhlaza kunye neebhendi ezinamacala amathandathu.
- I-Sapphire emnyama: Inamandla okubamba anceda ukoyisa uxinzelelo kunye nokusabalalisa amathandabuzo.
- UViolet Sapphire: Nxibelelana ngokomoya. Yaziwa njengeLitye loVuko.
- Iimpawu zesafire:
- ESri Lanka abadumileyoIipadparadschas ziyavela,Iisafire zeorenji, nazo zipinki kwaye zityheli.
- E-Australia, iisafire ezityheli kunye nohlaza ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
- EKenya, eTanzania naseMadagascar, kuvela iisafire ezintle zeetoni ezahlukeneyo.
INKANYEZI SAPPHIRE
Iyaziwa njengeLitye loBulumko kunye neThamsanqa.
Amandla: Ukwamkela.
Iplanethi: Inyanga
Into yamanzi.
Ubuthixo: Apollo.
Amandla: Ingqondo, uthando, ukucamngca, uxolo, umlingo wokuzikhusela, ukuphilisa, amandla, imali.
Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-Asterism okanye i-Star Effect kubangelwa kukufakwa okubunjiweyo kwenaliti okuhamba kumacala amabini ahlukeneyo kunye nokwenza inkwenkwezi ebonakalisiweyo kumphezulu wayo. Ezi ziiRutilium inclusions, ezibizwa ngokuba yisilika.
Inkwenkwezi yenziwe ngokubandakanywa kwamatye amancinci ngaphakathi kwelitye njengeenaliti ezincinci ezinqamlezileyo ezinqamlezileyo kwii-angles ezahlukeneyo zivelisa into ebizwa ngokuba yi-asterism. Kwiisafire ezimnyama ziinaliti zehematite.
Umbala wenkwenkwezi yesafire uyahluka ukusuka kumbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwimibala eyahlukeneyo ukuya kupinki, orenji, tyheli, luhlaza, i-lavender kunye nokusuka ngwevu uye kumnyama. Iiarhente zokubala imibala yesafire eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziyintsimbi kunye neetanium. I-vanadium ivelisa amatye e-violet. Umxholo omncinci wentsimbi uvelisa kuphela kwiithoni ezityheli kunye nokuhlaza; I-chromium ivelisa umbala obomvana, kunye nethoni kunye neethoni yeorenadium yeethoni. Owona mbala uthandwayo uqaqambile, uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
I-asteria eqhelekileyo yinkwenkwezi yesafire, ihlala iblue-grey, milky okanye opalescent corundum, eneenkwenkwezi ezintandathu. Kwi-corundum ebomvu, ukubonakaliswa kweenkwenkwezi akuqhelekanga, kwaye ke,inkwenkwezi yerubyNgamaxesha athile idibana nesafire-nkwenkwezi.
Abadala babecinga ngesafire njengenkonya enamandla ekhusela abahambi nabafunayo. Babonwa njengabanamandla kangangokuba baya kuqhubeka nokukhusela umsebenzisi, kwanasemva kokudluliselwa komnye umntu.
Uphawu lweZodiac: ITaurus.
Iidipozithi: Ostreliya, iMyanmar, iSri Lanka neThailand. Ezinye iidipozithi ezibalulekileyo zesafire yenkwenkwezi ziseBrazil, eCambodia, China, Kenya, Madagascar. IMalawi, iNigeria, iPakistan, iRwanda, iTanzania, iUnited States (iMontana), iVietnam neZimbabwe.
ISAPPHIRE TRAPICHE
Nangona iipateni zeTrapiche ziqhelekile kwiIkarbhere, azixhaphakanga kakhulu kwi-corundum kwaye zihlala zithintelweIrubhi.I-Trapiche Sapphire, njengeneerubhikwayeUmgibe weemeraldi, Inamacandelo amathandathu esafire acocwe kwaye ahlukaniswe ngeengalo ezikhokelela kwinkwenkwezi emiselweyo yemitha emithandathu.
Igama le-trapiche, liphefumlelwe kukufana kwesi sakhiwo kunye ne-pinion ephambili yomatshini osetyenziselwa ukukhupha incindi kummoba. Namhlanje, eli gama lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza le meko kuwo nawuphi na umcimbi apho lifumaneka khona eli nani linamacala amathandathu.
Uninzi lweesafire zeTrapiche, ezinjengeerubhi zeTrapiche, zivela kwingingqi kaMong Hsu eBurma naseNtshona Afrika.
Olu lwakhiwo lwe-trapiche lukwafumaneka kwizimbiwa ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezivela kwimvelaphi eyahlukeneyo, eyile: iAlexandrite, iamethiste, i-aquamarine, i-aragonite, i-chalcedony, i-spinel, njl.
IPADPARADSCHA SAPPHIRE OKANYE ILOTUS FLOWER
Igama livela kwiSanskrit Padma raga (Padma = lotus; raga = umbala), ngokoqobo: umbala wentyatyambo ye-lotus ukutshona kwelanga.
Uhlobo oluxabisekileyo kakhulu noluxabisekileyo, lubonakala ngombala wayo otyheli, opinki kunye no-orenji. Yisapphire enqabileyo kwindalo. Ikwaveliswa kwakhona ngokwenziwa.
Ezi safire zivela eSri Lanka (eyayisakuba yiCeylon). Nangona kunjalo, bakhutshiwe eQuy Chau (Vietnam), Tunduru (Tanzania) naseMadagascar. Iisafire zeorenji zifunyenwe e-Umba (eTanzania), kodwa zihlala zimnyama kunokuba zilungile kwaye zine-brown shades.
Iidipozithi: ISri Lanka, iTanzania neMadagascar.
IIMPEPHO ZENYANISO NEZODUMO
Iigugu zesithsaba saseBritane sineesafire ezininzi, ezimele iinkokheli ezinyulu nezilumkileyo. Njengesithsaba saseSt. Isithsaba sobukhosi sinesafire kaEdward the Confessor kwaye ibekwe ngaphakathi komnqamlezo waseMalta obekwe ngaphezulu kwesithsaba.
Iisafire ezinkulu zisabalasele njenge:
- Inkwenkwezi yaseIndiya, ngokungathandabuzekiyo eyona inkulu eyakha yaqanjwa (i-563 carats) kunye ne-Midnight Star (i-Midnight Star), i-116 carat star star sapphire.
- Ifunyenwe malunga namakhulu amathathu eminyaka eyadlulayo eSri Lanka, iNkwenkwezi yaseIndiya yanikelwa kwiMyuziyam yaseMelika yeMbali yezeNdalo ngusomashishini uJP Morgan.
- I-Saint Edward kunye ne-Stuart (i-carats eziyi-104), ifakwe kwisithsaba sobukhosi eNgilane.
- Inkwenkwezi yeAsia: Ifunyanwa kwiSmithsonian Institution yaseWashington (330 carats) kunye ne-Star of Artaban (316 carats).
- Iinqwelo ezingama-423 zeLogan Sapphire ziboniswa kwiMyuziyam yaseSmithsonian yeMbali yezeNdalo (Washington). Yeyona sapphire inkulu eyaziwayo. Yanikelwa nguNksk John A. Logan ngo-1960.
- Abantu baseMelika bakrola iintloko zoomongameli abathathu kwiisafire ezinkulu: IWashington, iLincoln kunye ne-Eisenhower, kwilitye elafunyanwa ngo-1950, elinobunzima obuzii-2,097 carats, zehla zaya kwi-1,444 carats.
- I-Ruspoli okanye i-Rispoli, isafire emile okwe dayimani eyi-135.80 yeekarati zika-Louis XIV, okwangoku kwi-National Museum yeMbali yeNdalo eParis.
- Ubuncwane beCawa yaseReims (eFrance) bunomtsalane kaCarlo Magno, owawunxibe entanyeni yakhe xa ingcwaba lakhe lavulwa ngo-1166, kwaye kamva, umfundisi we-Aix-la-Chapelle wanika uNapoleon I °. Wayeneesafire ezimbini ezinkulu. Kamva yaqhutywa nguNapoleon III.
UKUZALWA KWE-GEM
Isafire lilitye lokuzalwa lenyanga kaSeptemba kwaye yayililitye lika-Epreli. Yisimboli seSaturn kunye neVenus kwaye inxulunyaniswa neempawu zeenkwenkwezi zeAquarius, iVirgo, iLibra neCapricorn. IiSafire kuthiwa ziqulathe amandla okuphilisa, uthando kunye namandla. Le gem inegalelo ekucaciseni ngokwengqondo kwaye ikhuthaze ukuzuzwa kwemali.
UKUSETYENZISWA KWEENKQUBO ZESAPHREFI
Ngenxa yobulukhuni babo, iisafire zisetyenzisiwe kwizicelo ezenziwayo. Ezinye zezi zinto zibandakanya izixhobo ze-infrared optical kwizixhobo zenzululwazi, iifestile ezizinzileyo, iikristali zokubukela kunye neefers zecomputer ezincinci kakhulu ezisetyenziswa kwiisekethi ezihlanganisiweyo nakwezinye izixhobo zombane eziqinileyo.
Ubunzima beesafire nazo ziboleka kakuhle ukusika kunye nokupolisha izixhobo. Ziyakwazi ukuba ngumhlaba ngokulula ube ngumgubo erhabaxa, ogqibeleleyo wesandpaper kunye nezixhobo zokucoca kunye nokudityaniswa.
IINKCUKACHA ZOMSEBENZI
Iimpawu zesafire zokwenziwa zaqala ukwenziwa ngo-1902 ukusuka kwinkqubo eyasungulwa ngu-Auguste Verneuil. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuthatha i-alumina powder kunye nokuyinyibilikisa kwilangatye legesi. I-alumina ifakwe kancinci ngohlobo lwenyembe yesafire.
Iisafire zokwenziwa ziphantse zafana ngenkangeleko kunye neempawu kwiisafire zendalo. La matye ayashiyana ngokwexabiso lawo kodwa ahlala esetyenziswa kwizacholo zexabiso eliphantsi.
Namhlanje, iisafire zokwenziwa zilungile kangangokuba kufuneka ingcali ukwahlula ezendalo kwiintlobo zokwenziwa.
IINDLELA
• I-Sapphire yaManzi: Luhlobo oluluhlaza lwe-cordierite okanye i-dichroite.
• Isafire emhlophe: ikhristali ekhanyisiweyo, engenambala kunye nebala.
• Isafire engeyonyani: iintlobo ngeentlobo zekartz ezinombala oluhlaza ngenxa ye-crocidolite encinci.
Isafire yaseMpuma: isafire ixatyiswe kakhulu ngokuqaqamba kwayo okanye empuma.
Iziqulatho