Usebenza njani njengongenamali?
Uyifaka njani ifayile yokuhlawulwa kwemali njengaseMelika. Inkqubo ye- ukungabinamali Yinkqubo yenkundla apho ijaji kunye nomphathiswa wenkundla bavavanya ii-asethi kunye namatyala abantu kunye namashishini angakwaziyo ukuhlawula amatyala abo. Inkundla ithatha isigqibo sokuba iwahlawule na amatyala, kwaye abo banamatyala abasanyanzelekanga ngokusemthethweni ukuba bawahlawule.
Imithetho yokuchithwa kwemali yabhalwa ukunika abantu abanemali abaye bawa ithuba lokuqalisa kwakhona. Nokuba ukuwa kuyimveliso yezigqibo ezimbi okanye amashwa, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo banokubona ukuba kuqoqosho lwengxowa - nkulu, abathengi kunye namashishini asilelayo ngokwezimali afuna elinye ithuba.
Kwaye phantse wonke umntu ofaka iifayile ngokungabinamali unelo thuba.
U-Ed Flynn weAmerican Bankruptcy Institute (ABI) wenze uphononongo lwamanani e-PACER (iirekhodi zenkundla yoluntu) ukusuka nge-1 ka-Okthobha ka-2018 ukuya nge-30 ka-Septemba ka-2019, wafumanisa ukuba zingama-488,506 iimeko zokugqotywa eMelika. unyaka. Kwezi, i-94.3% ikhutshiwe, oko kuthetha ukuba umntu ebengasanyanzelekanga ngokusemthethweni ukuba ahlawule ityala.
Ngama-27,699 kuphela amatyala achithiweyo, oko kuthetha ukuba ijaji yenkundla okanye i-trustee ivakalelwa kukuba umntu unezinto ezaneleyo zokuhlawula amatyala akhe.
Abantu abasebenzisa ifayile ye- Isahluko se-13 ukubhengezwa , eyaziwa ngokuba kukungabinamali kwabo bafumana umvuzo, baphantse bahlukaniswa ngokulinganayo kwimpumelelo yabo. Ngaphantsi nje kwesiqingatha sama-283,412 eSahluko se-13 amatyala agqityiweyo agxothwa (i-126,401) kunye ne-157,011 agxothwa, oko kuthetha ukuba ijaji ifumanise ukuba umntu ofake isicelo une-asethi eyaneleyo yokuphatha amatyala abo.
Ngubani owenza iifayile zoBhengezo
Abantu kunye namashishini afaka kwifayile njengongenamali banamatyala amaninzi kakhulu kunemali yokuwugubungela, kwaye ababoni kutshintsha naliphi na ixesha kungekudala. Kwi-2019, abo bafaka izicelo zokungabinamali babetyala i-116 yezigidigidi zeedola kwaye banee-asethi ezingama-83.6 yezigidigidi, phantse iipesenti ezingama-70 zazo zazingabanini bezindlu, elona xabiso lazo linokuxoxwa.
Into emangazayo kukuba abantu-hayi iinkampani- zezona zihlala zifuna uncedo. Bathathe uxanduva lwezezimali njengokubambisa, ukuboleka imoto, okanye imali mboleko yomfundi- okanye mhlawumbi zontathu! -Kwaye abanayo ingeniso yokubabhatala. Kwakukho iimeko ezingama-774,940 zokuchithwa kwemali ezifakwe kwi-2019, kwaye i-97% yazo (i-752,160) yafakwa ngabantu.
Kuphela ziimeko ezingama-22,780 zokuchithwa kwemali ezifayilweyo ziinkampani ngo-2019.
Uninzi lwabantu abafake iifomathi zokungabinamali babengekho kakhulu. Ingeniso yomyinge wabantu abangama-488,506 abafake iSahluko 7 yayingu- $ 31,284 kuphela. Iifayile zeSahluko se-13 zihambe ngcono kancinci ngengeniso ye-Median ye- $ 41,532.
Inxalenye yokuqonda ukubhengezwa njengongenamali kukukwazi ukuba ngelixa ukubhengezwa njengongenamali kungalixesha lokuqala, ngokuqinisekileyo ichaphazela ityala lakho kunye nexesha elizayo lokusebenzisa imali. Inokuthintela okanye ilibazise ukuhluthwa kwekhaya kunye nokuhluthwa kwemoto, kwaye inokumisa ukuhonjiswa kwemivuzo kunye nezinye izinto zomthetho ezisetyenziswa ngabantu ababolekisa imali ukuqokelela amatyala, kodwa ekugqibeleni, kukho ixabiso lokuhlawula.
Ndifanele ukuFaka nini i-Bankruptcy?
Akukho xesha lililo, kodwa umgaqo oqhelekileyo wesithupha oza kugcina engqondweni kukuba kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuhlawula amatyala akho. Ukubuza umbuzo Ngaba kufanelekile ukuba ndifayilishe njengongenamali? Cinga ngononophelo malunga nokuba kungathatha ngaphezulu kweminyaka emihlanu ukuhlawula amatyala akho. Ukuba impendulo nguewe, isenokuba lixesha lokufayilisha njengongenamali.
Umbono emva koku kukuba ikhowudi yokubhanga yenzelwe ukunika abantu ithuba lesibini, hayi ukohlwaya. Ukuba indibaniselwano yetyala lokuthenga ngempahla, ityala lekhadi letyala, amatyala ezonyango, kunye nemali mboleko yomfundi ikonakalisile ngokwezezimali kwaye awuboni ukuba utshintshe ntoni, ukubhengezwa njengongenamali yeyona mpendulo ilungileyo.
Kwaye ukuba awufanelanga ukungabinamali, lisekhona ithemba.
Olunye ukhetho olunokubakho lokuhlawula amatyala lubandakanya ukulawulwa kwetyala okanye inkqubo yokuhlawulwa kwetyala. Zombini zithatha iminyaka emi-3-5 ukufikelela kwisisombululo, kwaye akuqinisekisi ukuba onke amatyala akho aya kuhlawulwa xa ugqibile.
Ukubhengezwa njengongenamali kubhatala isohlwayo esithile ekuhambeni kwexesha kuba iya kuhlala kwingxelo yakho yetyala kangangeminyaka esi-7 ukuya kweli-10, kodwa kukho ukonyuka okukhulu ngokwengqondo nangokweemvakalelo xa unikwa isiqalo esitsha kwaye onke amatyala akho ephelisiwe.
Ukubhengezwa eUnited States
Njengazo ezoqoqosho, ukufakwa kwe-bankruptcy e-United States kuyenyuka kwaye kwehle. Ngapha koko, ezi zimbini zinxibelelene nebhotolo yamandongomane kunye nejeli.
I-Bankruptcy inyuke nge-filings ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezibini ngo-2005. Kwakuloo nyaka mnye umthetho wokuThintela ukuSetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-Bankruptcy kunye noMthetho woKhuseleko loMthengi. Lo mthetho wawenzelwe ukuthintela abathengi kunye namashishini ukuba anomdla wokuphuma ematyaleni.
Inani lokungeniswa kwehle ngama-70% ngo-2006, laya kuma-617,660. Kodwa emva koko uqoqosho lwadilika kwaye iifayili zokungabinamali zenyuka zaya kwi-1.6 yezigidi ngo-2010. Baphinda batsalwa njengoko uqoqosho lwaluphucula kwaye lwehla malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 ukuya ku-2019.
Ulugcwalisa njani ifayile njengongenamali?
Uyifaka njani ifayile yokuhlawulwa kwemali njengaseMelika. Ukugcwalisa ukungabinamali yinkqubo yezomthetho ecutha, ehlengahlengisa okanye ephelisa amatyala akho. Nokuba unalo elo thuba lixhomekeke kwinkundla yokuhlawula amatyala akho. Ungayifaka kwifayile njengobhengezo njengongenamali okanye unokufumana igqwetha lokungabinamali. Iindleko zokuchithwa kwemali zibandakanya iifizi zamagqwetha kunye nemirhumo yokufayilisha. Ukuba ufaka imbuyekezo ngokwakho, uya kuhlala unoxanduva lokuhlawula iifizi.
Ukuba awunakukwazi ukuqesha igqwetha, unokukhetha kwiinkonzo zomthetho zasimahla. Ukuba ufuna uncedo lokufumana igqwetha okanye ukufumana iinkonzo zomthetho zasimahla, jonga kwi-American Bar Association ngezixhobo kunye nolwazi.
Phambi kokuba ufake ifayile, kufuneka uzifundise malunga nokwenzekayo xa ufaka ifayile njengongenamali. Ayisiyiyo nje ukuxelela ijaji ukuba ndonakele! kwaye uziphosa ngenceba yenkundla. Kukho inkqubo, ngamanye amaxesha iyabhidisa, ngamanye amaxesha inzima, ekufuneka abantu neenkampani bayilandele.
Amanyathelo ngala:
- Ukuqokelela iirekhodi zemali: Dwelisa amatyala akho, iiasethi, umvuzo, inkcitho. Oku kukunika, nabani na okuncedayo, kwaye ekugqibeleni inkundla, uyiqonde ngcono imeko yakho.
- Fumana iingcebiso ngetyala kwithuba leentsuku ezili-180 zokufayilisha: iingcebiso malunga nokungabinamali kufuneka. Uqinisekisa inkundla ukuba usebenzile onke amanye amathuba ngaphambi kokugcwalisa njengongenamali. Umcebisi kufuneka avele kumboneleli ovunyiweyo odweliswe kwi iwebhusayithi yeenkundla ze i EE . UU . Uninzi lweearhente zokucebisa zinika le nkonzo kwi-intanethi okanye ngomnxeba, kwaye ufumana isatifikethi sokugqitywa wakugqiba, ekufuneka ibe yinxalenye yamaxwebhu owangenisayo. Ukuba utsiba eli nyathelo, ukungenisa kwakho kuyakwaliwa.
- Fayilisha uxwebhu lwezikhalazo: Ukuba awukaqeshi igqwetha lokugcina imali, eli inokuba lixesha lokuba uyenze. Ingcebiso yezomthetho ayimfuneko kubantu abafaka i-bankruptcy, kodwa uthatha umngcipheko omkhulu ukuba uzimele. Ukuqonda imithetho yobumbuso kunye nokuqonda ukuba yeyiphi esebenzayo kuwe kubalulekile. Iijaji azinakho ukunika iingcebiso, kwaye nabasebenzi benkundla abanakho. Zininzi ke iifom ekufuneka uzigcwalisile kwaye umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kweSahluko 7 neSahluko 13 ekufuneka uzithathele ingqalelo xa usenza izigqibo. Ukuba awuyazi kwaye ulandela iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo kunye nemithetho enkundleni, inokuchaphazela isiphumo setyala lakho lokungabinamali.
- Dibana nababolekisi: Xa isicelo sakho samkelwe, ityala lakho linikezelwa kumlawuli wenkundla, obeka intlanganiso kunye nababolekisi bakho. Kuya kufuneka uye, kodwa abatyali abanyanzelekanga. Eli lithuba lokuba bakubuze okanye umlawuli wenkundla imibuzo malunga netyala lakho.
Iindidi zokungabinamali
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokubhengezwa njengabantu abangabinamali okanye abantu abatshatileyo abanokuyifakela enye, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo sisiQendu 7 kunye neSahluko 13.
Isahluko 7 Ukuhlawulwa
Isahluko 7 sokuqhekeka ngokubanzi lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwabo banomvuzo ophantsi kunye neeasethi ezimbalwa. Ikwayifomathi eyaziwayo yokuqhusheka, ukubalwa kwama-63% amatyala ngamatyala ngonyaka ka-2019.
Isahluko 7 sokugqalwa lilungelo lokufumana isigwebo senkundla esikukhulula kuxanduva lokuhlawula amatyala kwaye sikwavumela ukuba ugcine iiasethi eziphambili ezithathwa njengepropathi ekhululwe. Ipropathi engahlawulwanga iya kuthengiswa ukuze kuhlawulwe inxenye yetyala lakho.
Ekupheleni kwesahluko 7 senkqubo yokuhlawula amatyala, uninzi lwetyala lakho liya kucinywa kwaye akusayi kubakho mfuneko yokuba uhlawule.
Ukuxolelwa kwepropathi kwahluka ngokwamazwe. Unokukhetha ukulandela umthetho welizwe okanye umthetho womanyano, onokukuvumela ukuba ugcine izinto ezininzi.
Imizekelo yepropathi ekhululweyo ibandakanya ikhaya lakho, imoto oyisebenzisela umsebenzi, izixhobo ozisebenzisayo emsebenzini, iitsheki zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo, ipenshoni, izibonelelo zamagqala, intlalontle kunye nokonga umhlala-phantsi. Ezi zinto azinakuthengiswa okanye zisetyenziselwe ukuhlawula amatyala.
Ipropathi engaxolelwanga ibandakanya izinto ezinje ngemali, iiakhawunti zebhanki, utyalomali lwesitokhwe, ingqekembe okanye ingqokelela yezitampu, imoto yesibini okanye ikhaya lesibini, njl. Izinto ezingahlawulwanga ziya kupheliswa, zithengiswe yinkundla eyonyulwe njengotrasti. Ingeniso iya kusetyenziselwa ukuhlawula i-trustee, ukuhlawula iifizi zolawulo kwaye, ukuba imali iyakuvumela, ukubuyisa abo ubatyalayo kangangoko.
Isahluko sesi-7 sokungabinamali sihlala kwingxelo yakho yetyala kangangeminyaka eli-10. Ngelixa izakuba nefuthe kwangoko kumanqaku akho etyala, amanqaku aya kuphucula ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko usakha imali yakho kwakhona.
Abo bafaka ifayile yokuchithwa kweSahluko se-7 baya kuba phantsi kweNkundla yokuTyala yokuTyala ye-US Isahluko 7 kuvavanyo, olusetyenziselwa ukuphelisa abo banokuhlawula ngokuyinxenye oko bakutyalayo ngokulungisa amatyala abo. Uvavanyo lweendlela luthelekisa umvuzo womntu onetyala kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo kunye nengeniso ephakathi (ephezulu ngama-50%, eyeyona iphantsi ngama-50%) kwilizwe labo. Ukuba umvuzo wakho ungaphantsi komvuzo wengeniso, ufanelekile kwiSahluko 7.
Ukuba ungaphezulu komntu ophakathi, kukho uvavanyo lwesibini lwendlela olunokukufanelekela ukufayilizwa iSahluko 7. Uvavanyo lwesibini lwendlela yokulinganisa umvuzo wakho xa kuthelekiswa neenkcitho eziyimfuneko (irenti / imali mboleko, ukutya, impahla, iindleko zonyango) ukubona ukuba ingakanani imali enokulahlwa unayo. Ukuba umvuzo wakho ophantsi uphantsi ngokwaneleyo, unokufanelekela iSahluko 7.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu ufumana imali eyoneleyo ukuba ahlawule ngokuthe ngcembe amatyala, umgwebi we-bankruptcy akunakwenzeka ukuba avumele ukufayilwa kweSahluko 7. Ukuba phezulu komvuzo womenzi-sicelo unxulumene netyala, mancinci amathuba okuba ayamkelwe. 7.
Isahluko 13 Ukuhlawulwa
Isahluko se-13 se-akhawunti yokuhlawula amatyala malunga neepesenti ezingama-36 zokungabinamashishini. Ukuhlawulwa kwesahluko se-13 kubandakanya ukuhlawula amanye amatyala akho ukuze lonke lixolelwe. Olu lukhetho kubantu abangafuniyo ukunikezela ngepropathi yabo okanye abangafaneleki kwiSahluko 7 kuba umvuzo wabo uphezulu kakhulu.
Abantu banokufaka iifayile kuphela kwiSahluko se-13 sokungabinamali xa amatyala abo engadluli kwisixa esithile. Ngo-2020, ityala lomntu elingakhuselekanga alinakugqitha kwi-394,725 yeedola kwaye amatyala akhuselweyo kwakufuneka abe ngaphantsi kwe- $ 1,184 yezigidi. Umda othile uphinda uphinde uphononongwe, ke jonga igqwetha okanye umcebisi ngetyala ngamanani ahlaziyiweyo.
Ngaphantsi kweSahluko se-13, kufuneka uyile isicwangciso seminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu sokuhlawula abo ubatyalayo. Nje ukuba usigqibe ngempumelelo isicwangciso, amatyala ashiyekileyo ayacocwa.
Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu aluzifezekisi ngempumelelo izicwangciso zabo. Xa oku kusenzeka, abanamatyala banokukhetha ukungabinamali kwisahluko 7. Ukuba abakwenzi oko, ababolekisi banokuphinda baqale kwimizamo yabo yokuqokelela yonke imali eseleyo.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokungabinamali
Isahluko 9: Oku kusebenza kuphela kwiidolophu okanye iidolophu. Ukhusela oomasipala kubantu ababolekisa ngemali ngelixa isixeko siphuhlisa isicwangciso sokulawula amatyala aso. Oku kuhlala kwenzeka xa amashishini evala kwaye abantu bayokufuna umsebenzi kwenye indawo. Kwakukho iifilitshi ezine kuphela zeSahluko se-9 ngo-2018. Bekukho iifilitha ezingama-20 zeSahluko se-9 ngo-2012, ezona zininzi ukusukela ngo-1980. IDetroit yenye yezo zafaka ngo-2012 kwaye sesona sixeko sikhulu ukuba sifake iSahluko se-9.
Isahluko 11: Le yenzelwe amashishini. Isahluko se-11 sihlala sibizwa ngokuba kukuhlengahlengisa ukubhengezwa njengongenamali ngenxa yokuba sinika amashishini ithuba lokuhlala evulekile ngelixa kusakhiwa ngokutsha amatyala kunye neeasethi zokuhlawula ababolekisi. Oku kusetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimibutho emikhulu efana neGeneral Motors, iSekethe yeSixeko, kunye neUnited Airlines, kodwa inokusetyenziswa ziinkampani nabuphi na ubungakanani, kubandakanya imibutho, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ngabantu. Nangona ishishini liqhubeka nokusebenza ngexesha lokuchithwa kwemali, izigqibo ezininzi zenziwa ngemvume yeenkundla. Kwakukho iifayile ezingama-6,808 kuphela kwiSahluko se-11 ngo-2019.
Isahluko 12: Isahluko 12 sisebenza kwiifama zosapho kunye nabalobi beentsapho kwaye sibanika ithuba lokuza nesicwangciso sokuhlawula onke okanye inxenye yamatyala abo. Inkundla inenkcazo engqongqo yokuba ngubani ofanelekileyo, kwaye isekwe kumntu ofumana umvuzo rhoqo ngonyaka njengomfama okanye umlobi. Amatyala abantu, ubuhlakani, okanye imibutho egcwalisa iSahluko 12 ayinakugqitha i-4.03 yezigidi zamafama kunye ne-1.87 yezigidi yabalobi. Isicwangciso sentlawulo kufuneka sigqitywe kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu, nangona iimpawu zonyaka zezolimo nezokuloba zithathelwa ingqalelo.
Isahluko 15: Isahluko se-15 sisebenza kumatyala okungakwazi ukuhlawula amatyala, apho umntu onetyala aneempahla kunye namatyala eMelika nakwelinye ilizwe. Kwakukho amatyala ali-136 eSahluko se-15 afakwa ngo-2019. Esi sahluko songezwa kwikhowudi yokuchaphazeleka ngo-2005 njengenxalenye yomThetho wokuThintela ukuXhaphaza abaSebenzi boKhuseleko kunye nokuKhuselwa kwabathengi. Amatyala esahluko se-15 aqala njengamatyala okungakwazi ukuhlawula amatyala kwilizwe langaphandle kwaye aya kwiinkundla zase-US ukuzama ukukhusela iinkampani ezinengxaki yezemali ekuhleni. Iinkundla zase-United States zilinganisela umda wazo wamandla kwityala kuphela kwiasethi okanye kubantu abakwi-United States.
Iziphumo zokufayilisha ngokungabinamali eUnited States
Umgaqo osisiseko wokungabinamali kukuba kukunika isiqalo esitsha ngemali yakho. Isahluko 7 (esaziwa njengokucinywa) siphelisa amatyala ngokuthengisa izinto ezingakhululwanga ezinexabiso elithile. Isahluko 13 (esaziwa njengesicwangciso esihlawulelwayo) sikunika ithuba lokuphuhlisa isicwangciso seminyaka emi-3-5 sokuhlawula lonke ityala lakho kwaye ugcine oko unakho.
Zombini ezi zixa ziye kwisiqalo esitsha.
Ewe, ukufayilisha ngokungabinamali kuchaphazela amanqaku akho etyala. I-Bankruptcy ihlala kwingxelo yakho yetyala kangangeminyaka esi-7 ukuya kweli-10, kuxhomekeke kwisahluko sokugcina imali oyifakileyo. Isahluko 7 (esona siqhelekileyo) sikulo ingxelo yekhredithi iminyaka eyi-10 , ngelixa ukufayilwa kweSahluko 13 (sesibini esiqhelekileyo) kulapho iminyaka esixhenxe .
Ngeli xesha, ukubhengezwa njengongenamali kungakuthintela ekufumaneni imigca emitsha yokuthenga ngetyala kwaye kungade kubangele iingxaki xa ufaka isicelo somsebenzi.
Ukuba ucinga ukubhengezwa njengongenamali, ingxelo yakho yamatyala kunye nenqaku lokuthenga ngetyala mhlawumbi sele zonakalisiwe. Ingxelo yakho yamatyala inokuphucuka, ngakumbi ukuba Hlawula amatyala akho ngokungaguquguqukiyo emva kokugcwalisa ukungabinamali.
Okwangoku, ngenxa yeempembelelo zexesha elide zokungabinamali, ezinye iingcali zithi udinga ubuncinci i-15,000 leedola kumatyala ukuze ungabinamali.
Apho ukungabinamali akuncedi
Ukubhengezwa ngokungabinamali akubalulekanga ukuba kuyalucima lonke uxanduva lwezezimali.
Ayikhuphi ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zamatyala kunye nezibophelelo:
- Imali mboleko yomfundi
- UAlimony kunye nenkxaso yomntwana
- Amatyala avelayo emva kokugcwalisa ukungabinamali
- Amanye amatyala enziwe kwiinyanga ezintandathu ngaphambi kokuba kufayilishwe njengongenamali
- Irhafu
- Ufumene imali-mboleko ngobuqhetseba
- Amatyala Okonzakala Omntu Ngelixa Uqhuba Ngoxa Unxilile
Kwaye ayibakhuseli abo batyikitye ngokudibeneyo amatyala abo. Umntu otyikitye kunye naye uvumile ukuyihlawula imali mboleko yakho ukuba awukhange uhlawule okanye awukwazanga ukuhlawula. Xa ufaka ifomathi yokuhlawulwa njengongenamali, umntu obambisene naye usenokuba nesibophelelo ngokusemthethweni sokuhlawula yonke okanye inxalenye yemali mboleko yakho.
Olunye ukhetho
Uninzi lwabantu luthathela ingqalelo njengongenamali emva kokufuna ulawulo lwamatyala, ukudityaniswa kwamatyala, okanye ukuhlawulwa kwetyala. Olu khetho lunokukunceda ubuyisele imali yakho kwaye ayizukuchaphazela kakubi ityala lakho njengobhengezo.
Ukulawulwa kwamatyala yinkonzo enikezelwa ziiarhente zokucebisa ngetyala ezingenzi nzuzo ukunciphisa inzala kwityala lekhadi letyala kunye nokwenza intlawulo efikelelekayo yenyanga ukuyihlawula. Ukudityaniswa kwamatyala kudibanisa yonke imali mboleko yakho yokukunceda ukuba uhlawule rhoqo nangexesha elifanelekileyo kumatyala akho. Ukuhlawulwa kwetyala lakho yindlela yothethathethwano nabantu obabolekisa ukuze unciphise imali eseleyo. Ukuba uphumelele, uwanciphisa ngokuthe ngqo amatyala akho.
Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokubhengezwa njengongenamali kunye nolunye ukhetho lokuhlawula ityala, funa ingcebiso kumcebisi ngetyala wasekhaya okanye ufunde iphepha lolwazi IKhomishini yoRhwebo kaRhulumente .
Iziqulatho
- Usebenza njani njengongenamali?
- Ngubani owenza iifayile zoBhengezo
- Ndifanele ukuFaka nini i-Bankruptcy?
- Ukubhengezwa eUnited States
- Ulugcwalisa njani ifayile njengongenamali?
- Iindidi zokungabinamali
- Isahluko 7 Ukuhlawulwa
- Isahluko 13 Ukuhlawulwa
- Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokungabinamali
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