Lubiza malini uvavanyo lwe-DNA? Iindleko zovavanyo lwe-dna e-USA.
Uvavanyo lwasekhaya luqhume kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwaye zininzi iindlela onokukhetha kuzo ngaphandle kwempendulo yalo mbuzo ubaluleke kakhulu. Zombini Uvavanyo lwe-DNA ezona zidume kakhulu zezi Uyise kwaye i imvelaphi , ke siza kuqala ngabo emva koko sidlulele kwabanye.
Lubiza malini uvavanyo lwe-DNA?
Ixabisa malini uvavanyo katata, Ixabiso lovavanyo lweDNA . Enye Uvavanyo lobuzali ezenziwa kwilabhoratri eqinisekisiweyo, iindleko zezi $ 130 ukuya kwi-200 ukuba uqokelela iDNA ekhaya. Ukuba ufuna iziphumo zenkundla, iindleko zezi $ 300 ukuya kwi- $ 500 . Iindleko ze Uvavanyo lwe-DNA yookhokho ukusuka kwi $ I-49 kunye ne-200 yeedola okanye ngaphezulu, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lolwazi olufakiwe.
Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuba uya-odola ikhithi yovavanyo yasimahla yokwenza isampulu ekhaya, Iziphumo aziyi kwamkeleka enkundleni kuba ingcali ayikhange ikubone unikezela ngeesampulu.(oku kusebenza kuphela ukuba ubungqina buyafunwa yinkundla)
Iindleko zobudlelwane kuvavanyo lwe-DNA
Uvavanyo lwe-DNA yokubeleka: Olu hlobo lohlalutyo luchaza ukuba ngaba umfazi oxilongweyo ngumama womntwana ovavanyiweyo. Ihlala isetyenziswa kwiimeko ze ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe nokwamkelwa .
Iindleko zolu vavanyo zimalunga ne- $ 200- $ 450
Uvavanyo lweDNA loMakhulu: Xa utata otyholwayo engafumaneki kuvavanyo, i-DNA yomnye okanye bobabini ootatomkhulu nootatomkhulu iyahlalutywa kumama + womntwana ukumisela ikhonkco lebhayiloji.
Iindleko zolu vavanyo zimalunga ne-: 300- $ 500
Uvavanyo lwe-DNA phakathi kwabantakwabo: iimvavanyo Umntakwenu opheleleyo kunye nabantakwabo abantakwenu banokukunceda ukuseka ubudlelwane bomzalwana / udade wendalo. Iluncedo ngakumbi kufuduko kunye nelifa.
Iindleko zolu vavanyo zimalunga ne-: 300- $ 500
Malume-Malume Uvavanyo lweDNA: Olu hlobo lohlalutyo luthelekisa iDNA yomntakwabo tata othetha naye kunye ne-DNA yomntwana ukumisela ukuba ngaba zihambelana ngokwendalo.
Iindleko zolu vavanyo zimalunga ne-: 300- $ 500
Uvavanyo lweDNA lokwakha kwakhona usapho: Olu vavanyo luvavanya i-DNA yezihlobo ezahlukeneyo ezisondeleyo ukumisela ubudlelwane bebhayoloji, amaxesha amaninzi ukuchonga utata womntwana.
Iindleko zolu vavanyo zimalunga ne- $ 450- $ 650
Uvavanyo lwe-DNA ye-zygosity test: Olu hlalutyo luqinisekisa ukuba amawele ayafana okanye ayazalana. 70% yamawele amabini Iingxowa ze-amniotic Ngexesha lokukhulelwa bayazalana, kodwa i-30% iyafana.
Iindleko zolu vavanyo zimalunga ne- $ 250
Uvavanya kangakananiIDNAukuba ngumzali?
Iindleko zovavanyo lukatata ziya kusuka kwi-69 yeedola ukuya kwi-399 yeedola , kuxhomekeke kuvavanyo kunye naselebhu esetyenzisiweyo. Iziphumo zinokufumaneka kwangolo suku uodola ngalo kwezinye iimeko. Ixabiso leziphumo zemini enye yi- $ 245.
Kukho iilebhu ezimbalwa ezinikezela iziphumo ezifanayo zosuku. Nangona kunjalo, zininzi ezinye ezibonelela ngeziphumo ngosuku okanye ezimbini. Uninzi lwabantu, olu lukhetho olukhethiweyo.
Ezinye iilebhu e-US zinokuthatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiveki ukubonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo lukatata. Iilebhu ezithatha ukuya kwiveki ukufumana iziphumo zovavanyo lukatata zihlala zithatha amaxabiso kwiinkonzo zazo kufutshane nesiphelo soluhlu.
Abo bangaqinisekanga malunga nokuba baya kulwenza uvavanyo emva kokuthatha iisampulu banokucela ikhithi yovavanyoIDNA simahla . Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ikiti isimahla ayithethi ukuba yonke inkqubo isimahla. Emva kokuba iisampulu ziqokelelwe, kufuneka zithunyelwe elebhu ziyokulungiswa.
Kukho imirhumo ebandakanyekayo ekuthumeleni iisampulu kunye nemirhumo yokwenza iisampulu. Okwangoku, ikhithi yovavanyo lweIDNAIsimahla kunokuba ngumbono olungileyo ukuba utata uyathandabuza. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuba uya-odola ikhithi yovavanyo yasimahla yokwenza isampulu ekhaya, Iziphumo aziyi kwamkeleka enkundleni kuba ingcali ayikhange ikubone unikezela ngeesampulu.
Ikhithi yovavanyo lweIDNAsimahla okanye ngexabiso eliphantsi unokuphendula imibuzo malunga nokuba ngumzali ngaphambi kwakho isigqibo sokusa ityala enkundleni ukuba uqinisekile ukuba uthumela iisampulu ezivela kulowo utyholwa ngutata nomntwana elabhoratri, kwaye ezo sampuli bezingenakuphazanyiswa.
UvavanyoIDNAIzinyanya
Inkqubo ye-vavanyoIDNAkwizinyanya kuyinto ekhulayo. Uvavanyo lwamakhokho lunokutyhila iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi. Uhlobo lokuqala lolwazi olutyhilayo yile imvelaphi yobuhlanga . Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba baphuma kuhlanga olunye, kodwa emva koko bafumanisa ukuba zininzi iintlanga kwimfuzo.
Olu phawu lunokubaluleka kwabo bamkelweyo kwaye bafuna ukufunda ngakumbi ngabo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ubuhlanga ngamanye amaxesha bunokwenza ukuba umntu athambekele kwiintlobo ezithile zeengxaki zempilo okanye izifo. Ukufumana olu lwazi kunokuba luncedo kwabo basebenza noochwephesha ekufumaneni imeko.
Ngamanye amaxesha ukwazi imvelaphi yobuhlanga inokuba ngumthombo weqhayiya. Umntu ongayaziyo imvelaphi yakhe yobuhlanga unokuba nomdla wokufunda malunga nokukhethwa kokutya kunye neenkcubeko ezinxulumene nelifa lemvelo. Ukwazi ubuhlanga bakho kunokunika umntu ukuba azive elilungu. Inokuba yindlela yokuba umntu abhiyozele ukwahluka kwabo.
Inkqubo ye-vavanyoIDNA yeookhokho banokudibanisa izalamane ezikude. Abo basebenzise iimvavanyo zezinyanya kwixa elidlulileyo banethuba lokurekhoda iziphumo zabo.IDNAkwiziko ledatha. Umntu ohambisa isampulu kolu hlobo lovavanyo unokuthelekisa eyakhoIDNAkunye nabo sele bebhalisiwe kwiziko ledatha.
Ngamanye amaxesha, umntu unokufumana abazala bakhe okanye izalamane ezikude ezabelanayoIDNAKuyafana. Ngamanye amaxesha, umntu owamkelweyo unokufumana abazali, ootatomkhulu noomakhulu, okanye abantakwabo abamkelweyo kwenye indawo.
Uvavanya kangakananiIDNAngokhokho?
Uluhlu lwezinyanyaGOUTUvavanyo lokukhetha nikezela ngoluhlu ngalunye uvavanyo lweminyanya onokuyithenga nge-intanethi ukugoduka nayo, kwaye ubonise ixabiso lovavanyo ngalunye lweIDNA.
Amaxabiso ovavanyo lokhokho aqala kwi- $ 69 ukuya kwi-1,399 yeedola. Amaxabiso kwisiphelo esiphezulu aya kubandakanya ezinye iindlela zobungqinaIDNAezinxulumene neziphawuli zempilo kunye nezifo zemfuzo. Kulabo bafuna ukwazi nje ukuba bavela phi, iimvavanyo azibizi kakhulu.
Uninzi lweenkampani ezibonelela ngovavanyo lokhokho iya kubonelela ngeziphumo kwiiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-12 . Ezinye iinkampani eMelika zinokuba neziphumo kwiiveki nje ezimbini. Ixabiso alixhomekekanga ekubeni kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo.
Ngamanye amaxesha abantu bafuna ukusebenzisa isilumkiso xa bekhetha amaqabane obomi, ngakumbi ukuba baphuma kuluntu oluqinileyo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwabo bangenalo ulwazi malunga nabazali babo bokwenyama. Izibini zinokungenisa isampulu ukumisela ukuba zinxulumene kangakanani. Oku kunokuthintela izibini ekufumaneni abantwana abaneziphene zokuzalwa okanye kunokuthintela ihlazo lokuthandana nesizalwane esisondeleyo.
Kukho imizekelo yabantu abathandanayo ababandakanyeka kwezothando, kuphela ukufumanisa emva kweminyaka ukuba bayazalana emva kokuba abantu abakude kunye nezihlobo bezinika imvelaphi ethile. Kulula kakhulu ukuthumela iisampulu kuvavanyoIDNAkwangethuba, ukunqanda iindaba ezothusayo kamva.
Xa umntu ekhetha uvavanyo lweIDNA yeUkhokho, kuxhomekeke kuvavanyo olukhethileyo, unokufumana uvavanyo olupheleleyo lobuhlanga bakho okanye uhlalutyo lomnombo wakho wamadoda nowasetyhini. Nangona kunjalo, ngamadoda kuphela anokufumana ulwazi malunga nenzala yabo, kuba ngamadoda kuphela athwala i-Y chromosome esetyenziselwa ukulandelela imvelaphi yooyise.
Abasetyhini banokufumana ukuqonda okukhulu ngembali yosapho kunye novavanyo lookhokho, kwaye banokucela umntakwabo okanye utata wabo ukuba athathe uvavanyo lokuzalwa ukuze bafumane umfanekiso opheleleyo womnombo wabesilisa nabasetyhini.
Iziphumo ngamanye amaxesha zinikezelwa ngohlobo lwembali. Ukongeza, iingxelo zihlala zibonelela ngolwazi malunga nokuba bangaphi abantu abaneempawu ezifanayo zemfuza kunye nokuba zisasazwa njani ngokwendawo.
Kwabanye abantu, ukuhanjiswa kwabamakishiIDNAInokunika umkhondo kwimvelaphi yookhokho bakho abakude. Uninzi lwabantu lufumanisa ukuba ezi ngxelo zinokuphikisa okanye zixhase imbali yomlomo ebonelelwe zizizukulwana ezindala kusapho lwabo.
Uvavanyo lweIDNAkwimpilo.
Kubantu abaninzi,ivavanyoIDNAkwimpilo kufanelekile. Zininzi izizathu zokuvavanya iingxaki zemfuza okanye ezelifa. Isizathu esinye kukunika oogqirha umfanekiso opheleleyo wempilo yakho, kwimeko apho kukho umngcipheko wokudlulisela imeko ebantwaneni bakho.
I-Tay Sachs, isifo sika-Huntington, i-sickle cell anemia, i-cystic fibrosis, kunye ne-Down syndrome yimizekelo yezi ngxaki. . Uninzi lwezi zifo luya kubonakala ngokuzalwa okanye kungekudala emva koko. Nganye kwezi, ngaphandle kwesifo sikaHuntington, iya kufuna ungenelelo lonyango ukusukela ekuzalweni okanye kwiiveki zokuqala ezimbalwa zobomi.
Inkqubo ye- isifo sika-huntington ichaphazela abantu abadala kwinqanaba lobomi. Amalungu osapho ngokubanzi ayazi malunga nokukhula kwesi sifo, ngokusekwe kwimbali yonyango yezizukulwana zangaphambili. Umntwana ngamnye womzali onesizalo seHuntington unethuba elingama-50% lokosulelwa sesi sifo.
Ukuba umntwana akafumani i-gene, abantwana babo abayi kuyifumana. Oku kunokuba kubalulekile kwabo bajonga abantwana okanye abo bangenayo imbali yosapho lokuzalwa ngenxa yokwamkelwa.
Iintsapho ezininzi zikhetha ukuvavanya abantwana babo xa kufunyaniswa ukuba umzali unesifo. UHuntington akafane achaphazele abantwana abakwishumi elivisayo, kodwa kuyenzeka. Nasiphi na isifo esichaphazeleke kuphela kukuzalwa siyaziwa njengesi-100% esixhaphakileyo, njengoko abo bafumana isini esinxulunyaniswa naloo meko baya kuthi ekugqibeleni bahlupheke nayo.
Kuba uninzi lwezi zifo lufuna ukhathalelo lonyango olongezelelekileyo, iintsapho zinokucwangcisa ngokwahlukileyo kwikamva ukuba zisazi kwangaphambili. Ukucwangcisa kwangaphambili kunokuvumela ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kwezemali kunye nokhathalelo.
Izifo ezininzi zinokubangelwa kukudityaniswa kwemfuza, indlela yokuphila, kunye nokuziphatha. Uhlobo lwesibini lweswekile yenye yazo. Ngelixa ukuhlala nje ngokungagungqi kunye nokutya okungafanelekanga kunegalelo, kukho abantu abakhutheleyo abatya impilo kwaye banesifo seswekile sesibini. Ukwazi kwangaphambili ukuba umntu unempawu zokumila kwesi sifo kunokunceda umntu athathe isigqibo sokuba uza kuphila njani.
Umzekelo, ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko xa ukhetha ukutya kunye nokugcina ubunzima obusempilweni kunokuba yinto ephambili. Oogqirha abayaziyo imeko yemfuza kusapho banokunceda abaguli bagcine indlela yokuphila esempilweni. Ukuchongwa kwangethuba kunye nophuhliso lwesicwangciso sokusebenza kunokwenza umahluko kubude bexesha lokuphila kunye nomgangatho wobomi kwaba bantu.
Uvavanya kangakananiIDNAempilweni?
Inkqubo ye-vavanyo lweIDNANgempilo kunye nezifo zemfuzo ngaphambili zazingavumelekanga kubantu abaninzi. Ngoku, abantu abafuna ukwazi ukuba kutheni benokuba semngciphekweni banokwenza oko ngokungabizi kakhulu.
Uvavanyo lwempilo lunokubiza imali encinci njenge- $ 96 okanye kangange- $ 500 , Kuxhomekeke kubungakanani beemvavanyo nakwilabhoratri ekhethiweyo. Abanye abantu banokufuna uvavanyo lweIDNAUkutya kunye nokuqina komzimba, kubandakanya iiseti ezahlukeneyo zabamakishi bemfuza kunye neenkqubo ezinje ngemetabolism.
Oku kumakisha kubalulekile kwiimbaleki ezifuna ukuphucula uqeqesho, isondlo, impilo kunye nokufumana kwakhona. Iingxelo ezijolise kwiMetabolism zinokukunceda uyile izicwangciso zomzimba zomntu ezikunceda ufikelele kumanqanaba afanelekileyo. Banokukunceda ukunqanda ukonzakala ngokweenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuphumla.
Inkqubo ye-vavanyo lweIDNAayizizo ezomntu wonke. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi bakhetha ukuyithathela ezandleni zabo imicimbi. Ngenxa yezizathu zobuzali, ukwazi ngokukhawuleza kungcono kunokuba mva. Imicimbi enxulumene nookhokho, abantu banokufuna ukufumana unxibelelwano losapho okanye iqela lohlanga, ukufumana umbono wokuba bangobani.
Uvavanyo lwempilo lunokubaluleka kwabo bangenayo imbali yempilo yosapho okanye abafuna ukuphucula impilo yabo yomzimba kunye nokuqina kwabo.Inkqubo ye-vavanyoIDNAiyafikeleleka kubantu abaninzi, ngaphandle kwesizathu sabo.
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