Amaziko aSimahla okuHlaziya abaTywala

Amaziko oNcedo kweziTywala

Amaziko yokuvuselela isimilo sotywala simahla. Amaziko asimahla okuvuselela iziyobisi notywala zenzelwe ncedani abantu nge iingxaki zokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi abangenayo kuthetha ukuhlawulela unyango yamakhoboka. La maziko okuvuselela abonelela nge Unyango kunye neenkonzo ezahlukeneyo ukusukela kwidetox ukuya ekugcinweni kwexesha elide.

Imithombo yenkxaso mali yamaziko okufumana simahla ahluka kwaye anokubandakanya iminikelo yesisa, iminikelo yabucala kunye neenkxaso zikarhulumente. Kukwakho nemibutho ethile enikezela ngezifundo kubantu abangenakho ukuhlawula iindleko zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo, ebavumela ukuba bafumane unyango kumaziko abucala okuvuselela.

Iinkqubo zasimahla zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo: zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo?

Izixhobo zokuNceda abaNgasebenziyo ngokuNgenzi nzuzo

Mininzi imibutho engenzi nzuzo eqhuba amaziko onyango okanye amaziko enkxaso mali abonelela ngeenkqubo zokubuyiselwa kweziyobisi simahla kwabo basweleyo. Le mibutho engenzi nzuzo ikwabonelela ngenkxaso kubantu abaphila neziyobisi, bonyusa ulwazi, kwaye baxhase umthetho oxhasayo.

Imibutho emininzi engenzi nzuzo igxile ekuboneleleni ngonyango kunye neenkonzo zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kubantu abathile abahlelelekileyo. Eminye yale mibutho ibandakanya:

Iziko lokuvuselela iziyobisi simahla .

• Isiseko seAmy Winehouse , isisa esibonelela ngemali kwikhaya lokubuyisela kumabhinqa aselula, aneminyaka eli-18 ukuya kwengama-30, abo boyisayo. indawo yokuvuselela utywala .
• Ukunyuka Umbutho wasekuhlaleni onika iingcebiso kunye nenkuthazo kwabasetyhini abasokoliswa kukukhotyokiswa ziinkqubo zenkxaso yamaqela ezijolise kwibhayisikile. Lo mbutho uqhuba iziko elinikezela ngonyango olusekwe kubungqina bokuziphatha kwabafazi abalwa neziyobisi notywala, ukuxhatshazwa ekhaya kunye nokuvalelwa.
• Ukubhala uthando kwiingalo zakhe (TWLOHA), umbutho wabucala ongajonganga kwenza nzuzo uzinikele ekunikezeleni ngoncedo kubantu abalwa neziyobisi, uxinzelelo, ukuzenzakalisa, kunye neengcinga zokuzibulala. Ukusukela oko yaqalwa ngo-2007, i-TWLOHA inyuse izigidi zeedola ukuxhasa ngqo iinkqubo zonyango kunye nokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo.
• IPhoenix House , Isiseko esiqhuba ngaphezulu kwe-130 yamaziko onyango lweziyobisi notywala kwiindawo ezili-10. Umbutho ongajonganga kwenza nzuzo usebenza ikakhulu kwizibonelelo zonyango, kodwa ikwabonelela ngendawo yokuhlala enesidima kunye nezigulana ezingalaliswayo kwabo batshintshayo.
• Intyatyambo , umbutho omkhulu ongajonganga nzuzo osebenza kumaziko onyango abonelela ngeenkonzo zokulalisa abaguli nezingalaliswayo kubantu abadala, abakwishumi elivisayo kunye nabantwana.

Ukuvuselelwa kweziyobisi notywala

Imibutho emininzi esekwe kwinkolo ibonelela ngesiyobisi simahla sokugxila kwiziyobisi notywala, kwaye iinkqubo ezininzi azifuni abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba babhalise kwiinkolelo ezithile. Ngaphakathi kolu hlobo lwenkqubo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo, abantu abalwa neziyobisi bafuna isikhokelo kumandla aphezulu ukuze bahlale bomelele ngexesha lohambo lwabo lokuya kwakhona.

Ezinye zeenkqubo zonyango ezaziwayo zokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi ezinengqondo eyomeleleyo yenkolo zii-Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) kunye ne-Narcotic Anonymous (NA). Ezi nkqubo zamaqela zenkxaso yasimahla zisekwe kwindlela enamanyathelo ali-12 aquka:²

• Ukuvuma ukuba awunamandla
• Yamkela ukuba kuphela nguMandla aPhakamileyo anokukunceda
• Ukunikezela ngentando yakho kunye nobomi bakho kuThixo
• Thatha uluhlu lweendlela zokuziphatha
• Ukuvuma iimpazamo zakho
• Kulungele ukuvumela uThixo asuse iziphene zakho
• Lungisa abo ubenzakalisileyo
• Ukuphucula unxibelelwano lwakho noThixo ngomthandazo nokucamngca.
• Ukusasaza igama

Umkhosi woSindiso uqhuba enye yezona nkqubo zinkulu zonyango ezisekwe kunyango eMelika. Umbutho osekwe kwezokholo ngoku unikezela ngeenkqubo zokuhlala kwimeko yokomoya esekwe kwiziyobisi nakwiziselo ezinxilisayo kumaziko abantu abadala ali-119 akuyo yonke ilizwe.³Ezi nkqubo zasimahla zibonelela ngegumbi kunye nebhodi, ukucebisa ngamaqela kunye nabantu, ulwalathiso lokomoya, ingqesho, kunye nophuhliso lwezakhono zobomi.

Iinkqubo zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo ezixhaswa ngemali ngurhulumente

Zininzi iinkqubo zikarhulumente zokubuyisela imeko esiqhelweni ezikhoyo ebantwini. Oku kubandakanya iinkqubo ezibonelelwa kumaziko okufumana inkxaso-mali kuRhulumente kunye namaziko afumana inkxaso-mali kumanyano, afana nezibhedlele kunye namaziko onyango aqhutywa liSebe leMicimbi yeVeterans (VA). I-SAMHSA ikwenzela izibonelelo zikarhulumente nezabucala ezingajonganga nzuzo ukubhatala ngqo iindleko zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kwabo bangenakho ukuhlawula unyango lweziyobisi.

Ngubani olungele ukubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo simahla?

Amaziko onyango aqhutywa yingeniso ahlala enika uncedo lokuhlawula kwabo bafuna iinkonzo. Imibutho emininzi engenzi nzuzo ibonelela ngonyango lwasimahla kumaziko abo okubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo okanye kumaziko abucala ngokufunda. Imibutho emininzi esekwe kwinkolo ikwanikezela ngoncedo oluhlawulelweyo kwabo bafanelekayo, kwaye imibutho eliqela yezenkolo ibonelela ngesihlengahlengiso kweziyobisi notywala mahala njengenxalenye yeenkonzo zabo zenkonzo.

Uninzi lweenkqubo zokuvuselelwa kwemali exhaswa ngurhulumente zineemfuno ezingqongqo zokufaneleka. Ukuba ufaka isicelo sale nkqubo, kuya kufuneka unikezele ubungqina bokuba ngummi wase-US, umvuzo, ukungabikho kwe-inshurensi eyoneleyo, kunye nokuhlala kwelizwe.

Iinkqubo zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo amagqala kunye neziyobisi ziyafumaneka kuphela kumagqala afanelekileyo afumana ukhathalelo lwenkqubo ye-VA.⁴Ezi nkqubo zonyango simahla kweziyobisi zibandakanya iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo ezinje nge-detoxification, ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo, kunye nokunakekelwa kwengqondo.

Iinkonzo kunye neengxaki zamaziko okuhlaziya

Izibonelelo zeziko lesiQinisekiso sokuSebenzisa iziyobisi

Uncedo oluphambili lwamaziko okuhlaziya simahla lixabiso lonyango. Kungenxa yokuba la maziko abonelela ngesiyobisi simahla kwiziyobisi notywala, abantu abanokuthi bangabinakho ukubanakho ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo banokufumana unyango kunye nenkxaso abayifunayo ukujongana nesiyobisi. Amaziko okubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo akwanikezela ngeenkonzo kwindawo elawulwayo ebabeka bucala abathathi-nxaxheba benkqubo kwilizwe langaphandle, into ebalulekileyo eqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwaye ikhuthaza ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.

Ukubanakho ukuya kwiinkqubo ezikhokelwa ziingcali ezifanelekileyo, ezinemfesane, kunye neziqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo kolunye uncedo lwamaziko okuhlaziya simahla. Okona kuninzi, unokulindela abasebenzi abanamava kumaziko okuhlaziya simahla ukubonelela ngononophelo olusemgangathweni kusetyenziswa iindlela eziqinisekisiweyo kunye nonyango olusekwe kubungqina bokuziphatha.

Ukungancedi kwimo yesiqhelo yasimahla

Nangona ukubuyiswa simahla sisibonelelo esixabisekileyo kubantu abaninzi abajamelana nomlutha, ezi nkqubo zinokungalungi, ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nonyango kunye neenkonzo ezifumaneka kumaziko okubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo.

Ngenxa yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali olunqongopheleyo kunye nokusilela kwezixhobo, amaziko amaninzi okubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo anyanzeliswa ukuba asebenzise izixhobo eziphelelwe lixesha kunye nezixhobo. Amaziko okubuyisela simahla asenokungasebenzisi itekhnoloji yakutshanje kwisayensi yeziyobisi, kodwa endaweni yoko asebenzise iindlela ezindala, eziqinisekisiweyo ezinokungasebenzi njengokunyanga okutsha okufumanekayo kumaziko abucala anamhlanje.

Amaziko amaninzi okubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo agxilwe yimfuno yeenkqubo zawo. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lwamaziko okuhlaziya asimahla ahlala esebenza ngokugcweleyo. Uluhlu lokulinda luyeyona nto iphambili kwiinkqubo zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Iinkqubo ezininzi zinoluhlu olude lokulinda, nangona abantu abathile abasemngciphekweni omkhulu, njengabasebenzisi beziyobisi abakhulelweyo (IV), banokunikwa kuqala ukwamkelwa kwangoko kwinkqubo yonyango.

Izifundo zibonise ukuba abantu abangena kunyango emva kokuba kuluhlu lokulinda baneziphumo zonyango ezihlwempuzekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abafumana unyango kwangoko.⁵Ukuqala kwangoko kunyango kunokukhokelela ekubeni likhoboka elinobuzaza ngakumbi kunye nomngcipheko okhulayo weengxaki zonyango, ezinje ngokudlula.

Enye into engeyiyo kwimo yesiqhelo yasimahla kukungabikho konyango kunye neenkonzo ezikhoyo. Nangona indleko yexabiso ingenakuthelekiswa nanto, ezi nkqubo ngokubanzi zibonelela ngonyango olusisiseko kunye neenkonzo ezisisiseko kuphela. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi xa ucinga ngezicwangciso zonyango ezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso, amaziko anamhlanje, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo ezinje ngehotele ezinikezelwa kumaziko amaninzi abucala.

Ungabhalisa njani kwiziko lesiyobisi simahla?

Inyathelo lokuqala kukufumana indawo yasimahla yokubuyisela kwiziyobisi. Ngethamsanqa, zininzi izibonelelo ezikhoyo ezinokukhokela uphando lwakho kwaye zikuncede ufumane iziko lokubuyisela simahla. Oku kubandakanya:

• Indawo yokufumana iinkonzo zonyango . Esi sixhobo sinikezwe yi-SAMHSA sikuvumela ukuba ufumane amaziko onyango lweziyobisi akufutshane anikezela ngerhafu esekwe kumvuzo, amaxabiso asezantsi, okanye uncedo lokuhlawula. Unokunxibelelana namaziko abucala abuyela kwimeko leyo kwaye ubuze malunga nokufumaneka kweenkqubo zokufunda kunye nokuhambisa umrhumo.
• Iiarhente zikaRhulumente ezizimeleyo (ii-SSAs) zeeNkonzo zokuSebenzisa iziyobisi . Esi sikhombisi sinika ulwazi loqhakamshelwano kwiiarhente zikarhulumente eziququzelela ukubonelelwa kweenkonzo zonyango lweziyobisi kubantu abangaqinisekiswanga okanye abanemivuzo ephantsi. Tsalela umnxeba iarhente yakho yaseburhulumenteni ubuze malunga nalo naliphi na iziko lokuncedisa ekuxhaseni urhulumente apho unokufanelekela unyango.
• Iicawa zasekuhlaleni neminye imibutho yezenkolo. Nxibelelana nale mibutho ukufumanisa ukuba banikezela ngenkqubo yokubuyisela simahla.

Nje ukuba ufumane iziko elifanelekileyo lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo, tsalela umnxeba umphathi wenkqubo kwaye uqinisekise zonke iindlela zokufaneleka. Okokugqibela, qokelela onke amaxwebhu (afana nalawo aqinisekisa umvuzo, i-inshurensi kunye nokuhlala) oya kuyidinga ukugcwalisa ubhaliso lwakho.

Olunye ukhetho lomntu ongakwaziyo ukuhlawula unyango?

Kukho ezinye izibonelelo ezikhoyo ebantwini abafuna ukucoca kodwa abanakho ukuhlawula iindleko zonyango. Umzekelo, amaziko amaninzi okubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo aya kusebenza kunye nabaxumi ukwenza isicwangciso sentlawulo esenzelwe umntu esingaquka izinto ezinje ngokulinganisa isikali, uncedo lokuhlawula, okanye imali yabucala.

Olunye ukhetho kukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Isiseko ukusuka Idatha ye Uvavanyo lwezonyango , isibonelelo esibonelelwe yiThala leLizwe laseMelika lezeMithi, sinoluhlu olubanzi lwezilingo zasesidlangalaleni nezabucala ezixhaswa ngezimali ezenziwa kwihlabathi liphela. Esi siseko sedatha sinokusetyenziselwa ukufumana uvavanyo lwezonyango lwezonyango olwamkelayo abathathi-nxaxheba ngoku. Ukongeza kokufumana lonke unyango ngaphandle kweendleko, unokufumana imbuyekezo ngexesha lakho kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba.

Ukubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo kwi-Intanethi lolunye ukhetho kunyango lwabantu abangenakho ukufikelela kwimbuyekezo yesiqhelo. Imirhumo iphantsi kakhulu kuneenkqubo zesiko zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kwaye zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zenkqubo. Amaxabiso ancitshisiweyo ayafumaneka kwiinkampani ezininzi kwimeko nganye.

Ezi nkqubo zibonelela ngenkqubo ye-Intanethi efanelekileyo kunye nonyango lweziyobisi zabucala, kwaye uninzi lubandakanya iinkonzo ezinje ngeeseshoni ezizimeleyo kunye neqela ezikhokelwa ngabacebisi ngeziyobisi, inkxaso yoontanga, kunye nezixhobo zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Nangona le ndlela yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo inokusebenza, iyakuba luncedo kuphela kwabo baqeqeshekileyo kwaye bazimisele, njengoko ezi nkqubo zizilawula ngokwazo.

Abantu bayabuza

Ndisematyaleni; Luluphi uhlobo lokubuyisela kwisimo simahla?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ummangalelwa unoxanduva lweendleko zokuvuselelwa komyalelo wenkundla. Inkundla ayinakuze ihlawule umntu unyango lweziyobisi. Amaziko amiselwe inkundla eyalela ukubuyisela imeko esiqhelweni ngokubanzi zibonelela ngeenkonzo ezisekwe kwisikali esilahlayo. Ukuba umntu ofuna unyango akanamvuzo, ngekhe abenakho ukuhlawula nayiphi na imali yonyango lwabo.

Imithombo

1. Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zeMpilo yeNgqondo. (2019) Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi eziphambili kunye nezalathi zeMpilo yeNgqondo eMelika: Iziphumo ezivela kuPhando lweLizwe luka-2018 lokuSebenzisa iziyobisi kunye neMpilo .
2. Amakhoboka otywala angaziwa. (Ngo-2016) Amanyathelo alishumi elinesibini oTywala angaziwayo .
3. Umkhosi woSindiso. (2019) Yilwa nomlutha .
4. S. Isebe leMicimbi yamaGqala. (2019) Inkqubo yokuHlaziywa kweziyobisi kunye notywala kumaGqala emfazwe .
5. UChun, J., Guydish, JR, Silber, E., Gleghorn, A. (2008). Iziphumo zonyango lweziyobisi kubantu abakuludwe lokulinda . NdinguJ J ukusebenzisa iziyobisi gwenxa, 34 (5), 526-533 .
6. indawo yokuvuselela utywala

Iziqulatho

• Amaziko oNcedo kweziTywala
• Iinkqubo zasimahla zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo: zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo?
• Izixhobo zokuNceda abaNgasebenziyo ngokuNgenzi nzuzo
• Ukuvuselelwa kweziyobisi notywala
• Iinkqubo zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo ezixhaswa ngemali ngurhulumente
• Ngubani olungele ukubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo simahla?
• Iinkonzo kunye neengxaki zamaziko okuhlaziya
• Izibonelelo zeziko lesiQinisekiso sokuSebenzisa iziyobisi
• Ukungancedi kwimo yesiqhelo yasimahla
• Ungabhalisa njani kwiziko lesiyobisi simahla?
• Olunye ukhetho lomntu ongakwaziyo ukuhlawula unyango?
• Abantu bayabuza
• Ndisematyaleni; Luluphi uhlobo lokubuyisela kwisimo simahla?

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